Mastering Crime Vocabulary and English Conditionals

Essential Vocabulary for Crime and Cyber Security

I. Crime and Legal Terminology

This section covers key terms related to criminal acts, perpetrators, and the legal process.

Criminal Acts and Perpetrators

• Arson (n): Incendi provocat (The crime of deliberately setting fire to property).
• Burglar (n): Lladre casa (A person who commits burglary).
• Burglary (n): Illegal entry into a building with intent to commit a crime, especially theft.
• Murder (n): Asesinat (The unlawful killing of another human being).
• Murderer (n)
• Rob (v): To take property illegally from a person or place, often using force or threat.
• Robber (n)
• Robbery (n)
• Shoplifter (n)
• Shoplifting (n)
• Smuggler (n)
• Smuggling (n): Traficar (Moving goods illegally into or out of a country).
• Steal (v): To take something belonging to someone else without permission.
• Theft (n)
• Thief / Thieves (n)
• Vandal (n)
• Vandalism (n): Deliberate destruction of or damage to public or private property.

Legal Status and Process

• Arrest (v/n)
• Detective (n)
• Escape (v/n)
• Guilty (adj): Culpable (Responsible for a specified wrongdoing).
• Law-breaking (n)
• Prison (n)
• Punish (v): Castigar (Inflict a penalty or sanction).
• Squatter (n): Ocupa (A person who illegally occupies an uninhabited building or land).
• Stolen goods (n)
• Suspicious (adj)
• Victim (n)
• Witness (n)

II. Cybercrime and Digital Security Terms

Understanding digital threats and online misconduct.

Digital Threats and Misconduct

• Bully (n/v) / Bullying (n)
• Cyber-bullying (n)
• Commit fraud (v)
• Con (n/v): Estafar (To deceive or trick someone, often to get money).
• Con artist (n)
• Fraud (n)
• Fraudster (n): Estafador (A person who commits fraud).
• Hack (v) / Hacker (n) / Hacking (n)
• Identity theft (n)
• Phishing (n): Sending fraudulent emails to trick recipients into revealing personal information.
• Scam (n/v): Estafa (A dishonest scheme).
• Scammer (n) / Scamming (n)

Digital Security and Communication

• Click on a link (v)
• Junk mail (n): Correu brossa (Unwanted promotional material or spam).
• Login details (n): Credentials needed to access an account.
• Open an attachment (v)
• Protect (yourself) (v)
• Spam (n/v): Unwanted electronic messages.

III. English Grammar: Conditional Sentences and Wishes

A summary of the four main conditional structures and how to express wishes and regrets.

1. The Four Conditional Types

Conditional sentences link a condition (if clause) with a result (main clause).

Zero Conditional: Facts and General Truths

• Structure: If + Present Simple, Present Simple
• Use: To talk about situations that are always true or scientific facts.

First Conditional: Possible Future Situations

• Structure: If + Present Simple, Will / Won’t + Infinitive
• Use: To talk about possible situations in the present or future and their likely consequences.

Second Conditional: Imaginary Situations

• Structure: If + Past Simple (V2), Would + Infinitive
• Use: To talk about the possible consequences of an imaginary or hypothetical situation in the present or future.

Third Conditional: Imaginary Past Consequences (Regrets)

• Structure: If + Past Perfect (had + V3), Would + Have + Past Participle (V3)
• Use: To talk about the imaginary consequences of past events that never happened (impossible situations or regrets).

2. Expressing Wishes and Regrets

Wishes about Present or Future Situations

• Structure: I wish / If only + Subject + Past Simple (V2)

Regrets about Past Events

• Structure: I wish / If only + Subject + Past Perfect (had + V3)