Master English Irregular Verbs and Verb Tenses

English Irregular Verbs and Conjugation

• Beat-beat-beaten: Golpear.
• Become-became-become: Convertir.
• Begin-began-begun: Empezar.
• Bring-brought-brought: Llevar.
• Build-built-built: Construir.
• Buy-bought-bought: Comprar.
• Catch-caught-caught: Coger.
• Choose-chose-chosen: Elegir.
• Draw-drew-drawn: Dibujar.
• Dream-dreamed/dreamt: Soñar.
• Drive-drove-driven: Conducir.
• Fall-fell-fallen: Caer.
• Feed-fed-fed: Alimentar.
• Find-found-found: Encontrar.
• Fly-flew-flown: Volar.
• Forget-forgot-forgotten: Olvidar.
• Forgive-forgave-forgiven: Perdonar.
• Get-got-got: Conseguir.
• Grow-grew-grown: Crecer.
• Hear-heard-heard: Escuchar.
• Hit-hit-hit: Golpear.
• Keep-kept-kept: Seguir/Mantener.
• Know-knew-known: Saber.
• Learn-learned/learnt: Aprender.
• Leave-left-left: Marcharse.
• Lend-lent-lent: Prestar.
• Lose-lost-lost: Perder.
• Mean-meant-meant: Significar.
• Pay-paid-paid: Pagar.
• Ride-rode-ridden: Montar.
• Ring-rang-rung: Llamar.
• Rise-rose-risen: Levantar/Subir.
• Run-ran-run: Correr.
• See-saw-seen: Ver.
• Sell-sold-sold: Vender.
• Send-sent-sent: Enviar.
• Set-set-set: Colocar.
• Sleep-slept-slept: Dormir.
• Speak-spoke-spoken: Hablar.
• Spend-spent-spent: Gastar.
• Teach-taught-taught: Enseñar.

Past Tenses and Habits

Past Simple: Used with expressions like yesterday, last week, in 1998, or for.

Past Continuous: Used for actions that were ongoing, often with always or continually. Structure: PC-when-PS or PS-while-PC.

Used to + infinitive: Refers to a past habit.

Past Perfect: Subject + had + 3rd column (había ido). Used for an action that happened before another past action.

Past Perfect Continuous: Subject + had + been + V-ing (habíamos estado conduciendo).

Passive Voice in the Past

• Past Simple Passive: Was/Were + 3rd column (fue abierto).
• Past Continuous Passive: Was/Were + being + 3rd column.
• Past Perfect Passive: Had + been + 3rd column (había sido).

Modal Verbs and Future Forms

Modals:

• Can: Poder.
• Could: Pasado de poder.
• May: Futuro/Posibilidad.
• Must: Obligación, prohibición o necesidad (equivalente a had to).
• Should: Obligación o recomendación (equivalente a ought to).
• Might: Posibilidad.
• Would: Preferencia.
• Allowed: Permitir.

Future:

• Will + infinitive: Predicción y opinión.
• Going to: Predicción basada en evidencia.
• Present Continuous: Planes o citas acordadas.

Present Perfect and Continuous Usage

Present Perfect: Have/Has + 3rd column/ed (he viajado). Used for an unfinished past or when effects continue.

Keywords for Present Perfect: Just, already, yet (ya), ever, how long, for (desde hace), since (desde), never, for ages, before, recently.

Keywords for Past Simple: Yesterday, last week, 2 years ago, at 8 o'clock, when I was young, for a long time.

Present Perfect Passive: Subject + has/have + been + 3rd column/ed (han sido producidos).

Present Perfect Continuous: Subject + has/have + been + -ing. Indicates an action that began in the past and continues.

Simple vs. Continuous: Use Simple for completed actions, numbers, or quantities. Use Continuous for verbs like wait, work, play, try, learn, rain.

Reported Speech and Time Transformations

Tense Changes:

• Present Simple → Past Simple
• Present Continuous → Past Continuous
• Past Simple → Past Perfect
• Present Perfect → Past Perfect
• Will → Would (yo saltaría)
• Be going to → Was/Were going to

Commands: Use To + infinitive (e.g., She asked us to open our book).

Expression Changes:

• Now → Then
• Today → That day
• Tonight → That night
• Yesterday → The day before
• Here → There
• This → That
• These → Those