Master English Grammar and Essential Vocabulary
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Essential English Vocabulary
Family and Relationships
- Bond: lazo, vínculo
- Brother-in-law: cuñado
- Cousin: primo
- Great-grandfather: bisabuelo
- Nephew: sobrino
- Niece: sobrina
- Referee: árbitro
- Relative: pariente, familiar
- Sibling: hermano/a
- Spouse: cónyuge
- Widow: viuda
- Only child: hijo único
Common Verbs and Actions
- Bury: enterrar
- Cheer: animar
- Fake: fingir
- Flee: huir, fugarse
- Inherit: heredar
- Nod: asentir con la cabeza
- Raise: criar
- Overhear: oír (por casualidad)
Adjectives and Personal Traits
- Engaged: prometido/a
- Grateful: agradecido/a
- Jealous: celoso/a
- Pregnant: embarazada
- Single: soltero/a
- Self-centered: egocéntrico
Phrasal Verbs and Useful Expressions
- Break up: romper, separarse
- Fight back: defenderse, contraatacar
- Get along: llevarse bien
- Grow apart: distanciarse
- Live up to: estar a la altura de, vivir de acuerdo con, cumplir
- Look up to: admirar, respetar a
- Push around: intimidar
- Take after: parecerse a, salir a
- Turn into: convertir(se) en
- Get to: tener la oportunidad de
- Nothing to do with: nada que ver con
- Settle for: conformarse con
- Take a break: tomarse un respiro, descansar
English Verb Tenses Reference
| Tense | English Example | Spanish Translation |
|---|---|---|
| Present Simple | I work | Yo trabajo |
| Present Continuous | I am working | Yo estoy trabajando |
| Past Simple | I worked | Yo trabajé |
| Past Continuous | I was working | Yo estaba trabajando |
| Past Perfect Simple | I had worked | Yo había trabajado |
| Past Perfect Continuous | I had been working | Yo había estado trabajando |
| Present Perfect Continuous | I have been working | Yo he estado trabajando |
| Present Perfect Simple | I have worked | Yo he trabajado |
| Future Simple | I will work | Yo trabajaré |
| Be going to | I am going to work | Yo voy a trabajar |
| Future Perfect Simple | I will have worked | Yo habré trabajado |
| Future Continuous | I will be working | Yo estaré trabajando |
Reported Speech Rules (Estilo Indirecto)
| Direct Speech | Verb Form | Reported Speech |
|---|---|---|
| Present Simple | Eat | Ate |
| Past Simple | Ate | Had eaten |
| Future Simple | Will eat | Would eat |
| Present Continuous | Are eating | Were eating |
| Past Continuous | Were eating | Had been eating |
| Present Perfect Simple | Have eaten | Had eaten |
| Present Perfect Continuous | Have been eating | Had been eating |
| Past Perfect Simple | Had eaten | Had been eating |
| Past Perfect Continuous | Had been eating | Had been eating |
Modal Verbs in Reported Speech
- Can → Could
- May → Might
- Must / Have to → Must / Had to
- Will → Would
Passive Voice Transformations (Pasiva)
| Tense | Active Voice | Passive Voice |
|---|---|---|
| Present Simple | Sells | Are sold |
| Past Simple | Sold | Were sold |
| Future Simple | Will sell | Will be sold |
| Present Continuous | Is selling | Are being sold |
| Past Continuous | Was selling | Were being sold |
| Present Perfect Simple | Has sold | Have been sold |
| Past Perfect Simple | Had sold | Had been sold |
| Modals | Should sell | Should be sold |
| Modal Perfects | Could have sold | Could have been sold |
| Have to | Has to sell | Have to be sold |
| Be going to | Is going to sell | Are going to be sold |