Master Artists and Art Periods: Renaissance to Pre-Columbian America

Representatives of the Renaissance

• Raphael
• Leonardo da Vinci
• San Francis (Painting)
• Michelangelo Buonarroti (Sculpture)
• Giotto (Painting)

Representatives of Mannerism

• Tiziano
• Tintoretto
• Veronese
• El Greco

Representatives of the Baroque

• Peter Puget
• Gian Lorenzo Bernini (Sculpture)
• Carlo Maderno
• Guarini (Sculpture)
• Bernini (Sculpture)
• Velázquez

Representatives of the Rococo

• Piazzetta (Painting)
• Guardi (Painting)
• Marco Ricci

Representatives of Neoclassicism

• Jean-Antoine Houdon (Sculpture)
• Charles Percier (Architecture)
• Pierre Fontaine (Architecture)
• Jacques-Louis David (Painting)

Representatives of Realism

• Rodin (Sculpture)
• Honoré Daumier
• Jean-Baptiste Camille Corot

Art in America: Pre-Columbian Periods

Toward the fifteenth century, diverse cultures flourished in America.

The Lithic Period

It was characterized by the existence of nomadic groups that continually moved based on climatic conditions and where food was required. They created weapons, spears, and stone points similar to those used in the Old World during the Lower Paleolithic period.

The Archaic Period

It is located between 7000 and 1500 B.C., corresponding to the Neolithic period. During this time, early Americans manufactured agricultural implements, and pottery began to develop.

The Formative Period (Preclassic)

The Formative Period (or Preclassic) begins in 1500 B.C. and lasts until 300 A.D. During this time, work developed in ceramics, metalworking, basketry, weaving, and agricultural techniques.

The Classical Period

It took place between 300 and 1000 A.D. At this stage, key urban cultures were established, and the textile industry developed. Great pieces like the Aztec and Mayan calendars were created, and writing systems were developed.

The oldest known culture, Sandia Cave, is located in southeastern New Mexico.

The Postclassic Period

From 1000 A.D. until the Spanish conquest, architecture evolved significantly, and cities of great beauty and power were built. Techniques were highly advanced in all branches of art during this period.

The Zapotec Culture

• One of the best-known works of the Zapotec culture is the monumental architectural ensemble of Monte Albán, a holy city.
• Also notable is Building J, which served as an astronomical observatory.

The Mixtec Culture

• During the Postclassic period, the Mixtec became the best craftsmen in Mesoamerica.
• They excelled in Goldsmithing, creating pectorals, rings, and bracelets.

Teotihuacan

Teotihuacan reached its highest development during the Classic period.