Managerial Roles and Decision-Making Models

Managerial roles: Interpersonal role: Figurehead, leader, liaison, Informational role: Monitor, disseminator, spokesman, Decisional role: Entrepreneur, Troubleshooter, Resource Allocator, negotiator.

The Vroom and Yetton Approach: Leadership theory that provides a set of rules for determining the form and amount of individual or participatory decision making in different situations. Leading model participation: Autocratic A1: The manager decides using available information. Autocratic A2: Manager gets information from the subordinate and decides. Consultative C1: The problem is shared with each subordinate, Consultative C2: The decision may or may not reflect the influence of the subordinates. Collaborative G2: The problem is shared with the subordinates.

Decision tree:

1. Quality of decision important?
2. Team commitment important?
3. Enough info to make decisions?
4. Problem well structured?
5. Team support decisions?
6. Team share organization goal?
7. Is conflict amongst the team?

Robert Katz: talks about the skills that every administrator must have: technical skills, human abilities, conceptual skills.

Decision-making process HBR:

1. Create a context for success
2. Frame the issue properly
3. Generate alternatives
4. Evaluate alternatives
5. Choose the best alternative

DM Peter Drucker:

1. Classifying the problem
2. Defining the problem
3. Specifying the answer
4. Deciding
5. Actions
6. Testing the result

DM PROCESS:

1. Define the problem
2. Set the objectives of the decision
3. Identify the conditions that limit the decision
4. Obtain the information
5. Describe and evaluate possible alternatives
6. Make the decision
7. Put the decision into practice
8. Evaluate the result

Maximizer model: Rationality, The problem is clear and direct. There is only one well-defined goal. We know ALL the alternatives and consequences, preferences are constant and stable.

Satisfier model: Limited rationality, People who make decisions reduce problems to an easy understanding level and build simplified models where essential characteristics are summarized without the full complexity.

Implicitly favorite model: Implicitly favorite, In this model, a preferred alternative is implicitly selected in the first phases of the decisional process and devalue the rest of alternatives. It also tries to solve problems simplifying the process.

Intuitive model: Intuition, Unconscious process that is created from our previous experience.

When one alternative is better than another on some objectives, and no worse than the same alternative on the other objectives, we can say that this alternative dominates over the other. This technique helps to simplify the decision by eliminating alternatives.
Practical mastery: When an advantage does not outweigh the disadvantages. Practical mastery: It is better in all variables, but not in one of them.
Dominant option: When one alternative is better in almost all cases.

Problema:

1. Tabla consequences
2. League table
3. Se compara uno con otro que tenga todo mejor menos uno igual y uno pierde
4. Poner la tabla del principio
5. Sumar
6. Eliminar los que son iguales