Management Models and Objectives: A Comprehensive Overview

MANAGEMENT MODELS

Partial Models: specific elements of the Management process brought to the foreground

• Management by Exception – Management only in exceptional situations.
• Management by Delegation – Management by transfer of tasks.
• Management by Decision Rules – Default decision rules are given.
• Management by Results - Management by control of results.

* Total Models: Inclusion of all elements of the Management process

• Management by Objectives – Management by agreed targets.
• St.Gallener Leadership Model - overall integrating model.
• Harzburger Leadership Model - Management with autonomous employees.
• 7-S-Model - Mc.Kinsey Model - hard and soft factors.

* Management by objectives

-Description

o Management and employees agree jointly on targets.

o Employee has discretion - no specific order for the route to achieve his targets.

o This shall motivate the employee and boost his creativity

o Leadership activity is mainly the agreement of targets and check of achievement

o Revolving operation: re-defining goals, when:

-After reaching the previous target

-Problems to achieve the objectives

Changing environmental situations

·CSR = Corporate Social Responsibility

- Stakeholder approach: Implicitly included

- Shareholder approach: "License to Operate": The company must generate a social benefit in order to be successful in the long term.

- Moral Approach: Company has direct responsibility for the well-being of its employees (working conditions, security).

-Indirect responsibility for their families (income security)

-Indirect responsibility for economically dependents (suppliers and their workers), ecological environment and dependent persons (health / nutrition) and political and other society (taxes, donations).

·Claims and justification

 -Social requirements:  pay suppliers on time, protect the environment (noise, air and water pollution), company nursery and pay taxes.

- Companies are in the market competition: must save costs, laws and contracts must be respected (institutions), environmental protection causes costs and activity beyond legal requirements lowers competitiveness (water temperature in small streams/CO2 emissions...) and environmental protection or job security