Major World Biomes: Climate, Flora, and Fauna
Classified in Geology
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| Biome Name | Climate and Location | Characteristic Flora | Characteristic Fauna |
|---|---|---|---|
| The Polar Desert | Very little rain; characterized by ice. | No vegetation. | Seals, penguins, and polar bears. |
| The Tundra | Located at a lower latitude than the polar desert, surrounding the Arctic Ocean. | Lichen, moss, and bushes. | Snowy owls, Arctic foxes, lemmings, reindeer. |
| The Taiga (Boreal Forest) | Found at a lower latitude than the tundra in the Northern Hemisphere. | Fir trees, cedar trees. | Elks, wolves, bears, and capercaillies. |
| Deciduous Forest | Found in medium latitudes with an oceanic climate. Winters are cold and summers are hot. Precipitation is abundant. | Oak, chestnut, and walnut trees. | Common deer, fallow deer, squirrels, brown bears, goshawks, tawny owls. |
| The Mediterranean Forest | Located in medium latitudes around the Mediterranean, California, and parts of Chile. Winters are warm and summers are hot. Precipitation is irregular. | Holm oaks and cork oaks. | Deer, rabbits, mice, vultures, stone martens, golden eagles. |
| The Steppe | Same latitude as the deciduous forest, but features a continental climate. Precipitation is irregular. | Herbaceous plants, normally cereals, with very scattered trees. | Bison, gazelles, horses, ground squirrels, coyotes. |
| The Desert | Latitudes close to the tropics. Experiences a large variation in daytime temperatures. | Vegetation is adapted to prevent water loss, often with leaves transformed into needles. | The fauna is very scarce with little variation. |
| The Savannah | Found between the tropics. There is very little temperature variation during the year. Precipitation is irregular. | Herbaceous plants, with evergreen trees scattered over a wide area, such as acacias, teak, and baobab. | Rhinoceroses, giraffes, antelopes, lions, elephants, hyenas. |
| The Tropical Forest | A very narrow area to the north and south of the equator. Experiences no change in temperature. | Vegetation comprises species of evergreen trees that form thick forests. | Butterflies, caimans, jaguars, toucans, parrots, boas. |