Major Digestive Diseases, Symptoms and Hygiene Tips

Major Diseases of the Digestive Tract and Hygiene

This document describes common diseases of the digestive tract and related hygiene considerations. Each condition is presented with corrected spelling and grammar while preserving the original content and meaning.

Cavity (Dental Caries)

Cavity: Mouth bacteria ferment sugars and the products of this metabolism attack the teeth and the dentin, producing destruction of the hard tissues of the tooth and an inflammatory process of the dental pulp.

Pyorrhea (Periodontal Disease)

Pyorrhea: Plaque formed from saliva and food between the teeth is an ideal place for bacteria. These bacteria produce substances that penetrate the gums, causing swelling and pyorrhea (periodontitis).

Peptic Ulcers and Gastritis

Peptic ulcers: These are injuries that occur on the walls of the stomach or small intestine because these areas are affected by acids and enzymes. Gastritis is inflammation or irritation of the lining of the stomach. If left untreated, gastritis can become an ulcer.

Cirrhosis

Cirrhosis: Irreversible degenerative injury of the liver often caused by frequent alcohol abuse and excessive heavy meals. Extensive cirrhosis can lead to death.

Hepatitis

Hepatitis: Inflammation of the liver caused by viruses, toxins, or medications. It is a common liver illness worldwide. Hepatitis A is a viral infection transmitted mainly by the fecal-oral route. Hepatitis B is more serious and is transmitted through blood and sexual contact.

Gallstones

Gallstones: Formation of stones from accumulation of bile salts and cholesterol deposited in the gallbladder. They may cause painful cramps and can be asymptomatic. Treatment may require surgery.

Pancreatitis

Pancreatitis: Disease in which activated pancreatic juices digest the pancreas and adjacent tissues, causing severe inflammation and pain.

Appendicitis

Appendicitis: Inflammation of the appendix that can result in necrosis. The appendix wall can weaken and may burst (perforate). The usual solution is surgical removal. Symptoms include right-sided abdominal pain, fever, and vomiting.

Peritonitis

Peritonitis: Inflammation of the peritoneum, often following perforation. When perforation occurs, bacteria and digestive contents can enter; the peritoneum then becomes inflamed and infected. It is very painful and dangerous. Surgery and antibiotics are often required.

Constipation (Narrowing)

Constipation: Inadequate evacuation of the rectum and accumulation of feces. It is often related to excessive water absorption from the feces.

Diarrhea

Diarrhea: Semi-fluid feces eliminated excessively. It is produced by inflammation of the intestinal mucosa caused by ingestion of contaminated food or bacteria, irritants, poor sanitary conditions, emotional disorders, or fever.

Poisoning (Food Poisoning)

Poisoning: Caused by ingestion of food or water contaminated by viruses or bacteria, and also by chemical toxins. Symptoms include abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea.

Anorexia

Anorexia: Total loss of appetite. It has physiological and psychological causes and is often present during adolescence. Consequences can be serious and irreversible. Affected persons may reject food and may even feel nausea at the sight of food.

Obesity

Obesity: Excessive intake of food in relation to the needs of the person. It may be due to metabolic or psychological causes.

Note: If you suspect any of these conditions, consult a healthcare professional for diagnosis and treatment.