The main stages of cold war.

TAYLORISM: applied by FEDERICK TAYLOR, aimed to achieve maximum Work efficiency. To this end, the exact way of carrying out each task was Determined, the time needed for each task was clocked, and production Incentives were granted.

FORDISM: applied by Henry Ford, in his automobile Factory initiated mass production and the need for enormous factories. In these Factories, work was organized in assembly lines: each worker performed only one Task in the manufacturing process of the product which was placed in front to him. By avoiding the movement of workers, performance was increased and the products Could be sold at lower price

FINANCE CAPITALISM: The increasing size of companies and the large Sums of money needed for financing brought about a new period in Capitalism Called ‘Finance Capitalism’. 

Its basic features were financial and corporate concentration. 

-Financial concentration led to the Emergence of large banks like the Crédit Lyonnais (France), Deutsche Bank (Germany) and Lloyd’s Bank (Great Britain). These institutions intensified Their relationship with industrial enterprises, granting them loans or Participating in them as shareholders. 

-Corporate concentration set out To dominate the market by eliminating competition amongst companies. To this End, different kinds of concentration were created: the cartel, the trust, and The holding. As a result of this, antitrust laws had to created. 

 The development of the labour movement 

The labour movement gained affiliates when the states recognised freedom of Assembly and association and legalised workers’ associations. Over time, Labourers parties emerged, whose aim was to access political power and promote Democratic and social reforms. The first and most important of these was the German Social Democratic Party (SPD),followed by others in France, the United Kingdom, Italy and Spain.

Labour lnternationalism was Revived by the formation of the Second Internationalconceived as a federation Of socialist and labour parties based Don Marxist principles. In this Federation, the Marxist purists who isupported the idea of accessing power Through revolutions clashed with the revisionists who advocated reaching power By participating in elections. The International also condemned capitalism, Imperialism and war. ’ 

Imperialism And its causes.

From 870 European colonial expansion turned to Africa Asia and the Pacific And entered a new phase known as Imgerialism. Unlike the previous form of Colonialism, whose main objective was to dominate the economic resources of the Colonies, Imperialism implied the military, political and economic control of The European minority over the dominated territories. 

 The new colonial momentum was due to different causes: 

Political and strategic. The possession of colonies assured the power and The international prestige of countries or allowed trade routes and strategic Territories to be controlled. 

 Demographic. The colonies provided territories where excess Population could be sent in order to reduce unemployment and reIieve internal Social tensions. 

Economic. Increased production brought about by the Second Industrial Revolution required having territories which could supply raw materials for Industry and purchase the manufactured products without customs barriers. Furthermore, colonies provided cheap labour and places to invest capital. 

Ideological. Certain ideologies manipulated the ideas of Darwin (social Darwinism), and proclaimed the superiority of the white race along with its ‘mission’ to ‘civilise’ the rest of the world.