Logistics and Global Tourism Dynamics Explained

Intermodal Transport Defined

Intermodal transport involves the transportation of merchandise using multiple modes of transport (e.g., rail, ship, truck) without any handling of the merchandise itself when changing modes.

Tourism Fundamentals

Tourism is a temporary movement of people (24 hours to 1 year) from their place of residence to another place, generally for leisure.

Tourism Data Visualization and Trends

Grafica: Description

This graph shows the growth of tourism from 1950 to 2030, projecting 1.8 billion travelers. Regions included are Africa, the Middle East, the Americas, Asia, the Pacific, and Europe. Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO).

Analysis of Tourism Patterns

Tourism has increased significantly. The most visited region in the world is Europe, and the least visited is Africa. Europe is highly visited because it possesses the most important offerings for visitors globally. In the forecast, Europe continues to grow, but Asia is projected to grow even more substantially as its economies develop, leading to increased travel movements there.

Causes of Tourism Growth:

• The increase of purchasing power of the European and American middle class.
• The right to paid holidays.
• Progress in transport, enabling people to travel from one place to another at affordable prices.

Consequences of Tourism:

1. Economic: Growth of the GDP (e.g., 9% contribution), and seasonality issues.
2. Demographic: Increased tourism and more young people traveling to work during the summer to earn money, causing an imbalance.
3. Social/Cultural: Exchange and the Westernization of world cultures.
4. Environmental: Increased pressure on services, especially water resources, due to high visitor numbers.

Future of Tourism:

Current tourism policies tend to promote sustainable tourism. This requires a balance between economic, demographic, social/cultural, and environmental factors. Note that there is significant employment dependency on tourism in places like Spain after the summer season.

Tertiary Sector Employees: Skill Differences

The services provided by tertiary employees differ based on required qualifications:

• Low-skilled services (e.g., sanitation workers - basurero): Requires few qualifications.
• Skilled services (e.g., teachers - profe): Requires professional training.
• Highly skilled services (e.g., chemists - quimica): Requires advanced levels of professional training.

Service Provision: Public vs. Private

The differences between services provided by institutions are based on funding and objectives:

• Public Services (1, 3): Provided by the state (government) using money collected from taxes. Aim: Guarantee social welfare.
• Private Services (2, 4): Provided by private companies using money paid by those who demand the service. Aim: Earn economic profit.

Economic Structures: Developed vs. Underdeveloped Countries

Developed Countries:

• High contribution to GDP and employment (often >60%).
• Establishment of the welfare state, meaning the majority of people have access to basic services like health care and education.
• Increasing living standards, leading to higher demand for varied services.

Underdeveloped Countries:

• Low contribution to GDP and employment.
• Most people lack access to basic services like health care and education.
• Low standard of living (poverty), resulting in scarce demand for services.