Literary Devices and Poetic Forms

Classified in Music

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Figures of Speech

Sound Devices:

  • Alliteration: Repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words or stressed syllables.
  • Assonance: Repetition of vowel sounds within words.
  • Consonance: Repetition of consonant sounds within or at the end of words.
  • Onomatopoeia: Words that imitate sounds.

Figurative Language:

  • Anaphora: Repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses or verses.
  • Anadiplosis: Repetition of the last word of one clause or verse at the beginning of the next.
  • Antithesis: Juxtaposition of contrasting ideas.
  • Apostrophe: Addressing an absent person, abstract idea, or inanimate object.
  • Asyndeton: Omission of conjunctions between words or phrases.
  • Chiasmus: Repetition of words in reverse order.
  • Ellipsis: Omission of words that are implied by the context.
  • Epiphora: Repetition of a word or phrase at the end of successive clauses or verses.
  • Epizeuxis: Repetition of a word or phrase immediately for emphasis.
  • Hyperbole: Exaggeration for emphasis.
  • Hyperbaton: Unusual word order for emphasis.
  • Irony: Saying the opposite of what is meant.
  • Metaphor: Comparison of two unlike things without using "like" or "as."
  • Metonymy: Substitution of a related term for the word itself.
  • Oxymoron: Combination of contradictory terms.
  • Paradox: A seemingly contradictory statement that may nonetheless be true.
  • Parallelism: Repetition of similar grammatical structures.
  • Personification: Giving human qualities to inanimate objects.
  • Pleonasm: Use of redundant words for emphasis.
  • Polysyndeton: Use of multiple conjunctions.
  • Paronomasia: Use of words that are similar in sound but different in meaning (pun).
  • Rhetorical Question: A question asked for effect, not requiring an answer.
  • Simile: Comparison of two unlike things using "like" or "as."
  • Synecdoche: Using a part to represent the whole or vice versa.

Poetic Forms and Structures

Stanzas and Verse Forms:

  • Couplet: Two lines of verse, usually rhyming.
  • Tercet: Three lines of verse.
  • Quatrain: Four lines of verse.
  • Quintet: Five lines of verse.
  • Sestet: Six lines of verse.
  • Octave: Eight lines of verse.

Specific Poetic Forms:

  • Ballad: Narrative poem, often with a repeating refrain.
  • Elegy: Poem of mourning.
  • Epigram: Short, witty poem.
  • Haiku: Japanese poem with three lines of 5, 7, and 5 syllables.
  • Limerick: Humorous five-line poem with a specific rhyme scheme.
  • Ode: Lyrical poem, often addressed to a particular subject.
  • Sonnet: Fourteen-line poem with a specific rhyme scheme.

Literary Analysis

When analyzing poetry, consider the following:

  • Theme: The central idea or message.
  • Structure: The organization of the poem.
  • Literary Devices: The use of figures of speech and other techniques.
  • Verse: The rhythmic pattern of lines.
  • Meter: The pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables.

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