Linguistic Concepts: Language Shift, Standardization, and Text Properties

Linguistic Concepts

Vocabulary

B: finish, arrive, mist, bain, Baron, bandage, wart, beam, bald, perky, mobile, sap, download, pop, roll around, find work, debanar Basque, Vizcaya.

A: ring, tram, triumvir, seized, fir, grandfather anymore, abortion, change, rattlesnake, horse riding, coward, envestir, slender, fend, burning, lip, broad bean, outdoors, sports, test, rappel, radishes, sage, wine, Travis clover, buckle, Cordoba, La Habana, Stephen.

E: apricot, amethyst, assembly, Cinnamon, disguise, Carpenter, efeminat, asparagus, marigold, monastery, rock, Sergeant, hustle, Empúries on shaving ambassador, boot, murderer, evaluate, fault, bathrobes, down, front, birth, Pescadero, cattle, bitter brush.

Spelling Rules

• Beginning word S, V + C, + V, end.
• Between SS V-derived words, if initiated by the prefix, -, dis-, pre-, pro, re. Noted, dissociate, Reverb, continue.
• C before E and I. C before A, O, U and final word.
• A to J, O, U.
• G to E and I.

Text Types

Objection, project, majesty, Jesus, hieroglyphics, relaxing conversational text, sender and receiver interact.

• Narrative text: facts, news, biographies, short stories, novels.
• Descriptive: ads to find girl, dog disappeared.
• Explanatory: to understand something; the receiver is didactic and objective news reports, academic papers.
• Argumentation: tries to convince the recipient. Opinion articles, reviews.
• Instructive: drugs.
• Predictive: future.
• Rhetorical: poetry.

Language Shift

Linguistic conflict:

1. Presentation of foreign language.
2. Bilingüització language dominated. (L1)
3. Monolingüització in the dominant language (L2)

Symptoms of the process:

• Reduction-linguistic interference and / or fragmentation of the territory where the language is spoken dominated.
• Penetration of the dominant language, especially in the upper classes, youth and urban areas.
• Reduction of contexts and functions of language dominated.
• Emergence of rules that will help accelerate loquialització the dominant language.

Standardization

A level language lingüísticosocial

1. Selecció a variety
2. Normalització variety
3. Adequació variety of uses and all areas.
4. Acceptació or social leverage. A-level sociopolitical.

Text Properties

• Adaptation (pragmatic text): Take account of the relationships between text and context for, and has to do, therefore, with relations between sender and receiver, its position in the text, the communicative intentions and production time and space of the text.
• Coherence (semantics of the text): deals with the meaning of the text, which is the subject of the selection and processing of information, how to organize it in a particular structure and its development from start end of the text as a chain of shared information and new information.
• Cohesion (syntax text): refers to mechanisms that are used to articulate the different linguistic units (phrases, sentences, paragraphs) that make up the text.