Learn English: Key Grammar Points and Common Vocabulary

English Grammar Essentials: Tenses, Verbs & Vocabulary

Essential English Vocabulary: Body Parts

• Chest: pit
• Heart: cor
• Hip: maluc
• Kidney: ronyó
• Liver: fetge
• Lungs: pulmons
• Muscle: múscul
• Nail: ungla
• Neck: coll
• Nerves: nervis
• Shin: canyella
• Skin: pell
• Stomach: estómac
• Thigh: cuixa
• Throat: gola
• Tongue: llengua

Understanding the Present Perfect Tense

The Present Perfect tense is used to talk about actions that started in the past and continue into the present. It is often accompanied by expressions like since (desde "1999") and for (hace, desde "hace dos semanas").

Using "Ago" for Past Events

The word "ago" signifies a period of time in the past.

• Example: Richard finished university three years ago. (Richard terminó la universidad hace tres años.)

"Already" and "Yet" with Present Perfect

"Already" and "yet" are commonly used with the Present Perfect tense (have + past participle).

"Yet" in Questions

"Yet" is used in questions (interrogative sentences) and is placed at the end of the sentence. It translates to "¿YA?".

• Example: Have you had a swim yet? = ¿Lo has hecho ya?
• Example: Have you said your mathematics lesson yet?
• Example: Have you studied Unit 17 of Conocimiento del medio yet?

"Already" in Affirmative Sentences

"Already" is used to answer affirmatively or to state that something has already occurred. It is placed between the auxiliary verb have and the main verb. It translates to "SÍ, YA."

• Example: I have already had a swim in my swimming pool.
• Example: I have already said my mathematics lesson.
• Example: I have already studied the English present tenses.

Common Irregular Verbs List