Key Terms and Legislation of the Reconstruction Era
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- Ten Percent Plan: Lincoln's plan that allowed a Southern state to form its own government if ten percent of voters swore an oath of loyalty to the US.
- Wade-Davis Bill: An 1864 plan for Reconstruction that denied the right to vote or hold office for anyone who had fought for the Confederacy.
- Black Codes: Laws denying most legal rights to newly freed slaves.
- Freedmen's Bureau: Provided clothing, shelter, education, food, and medicine to former slaves.
- Civil Rights Act of 1866: Law that authorized federal action against segregation in public.
- Fourteenth Amendment: Guarantees equal protection of the law and rights of citizenship to all people born in the USA.
- Reconstruction Act of 1867: Act passed that set up 5 temporary military districts run by Union generals.
- Fifteenth Amendment: Guaranteed voting rights regardless of race.
- Minor v. Happersett: The court said that women were citizens but found that the Constitution did not guarantee women the right to vote.
- Sharecropping: Farmers worked land owned by someone else in return for a small portion of the crops.
- Union League: Black political organization that promoted self-help and defense of political rights.
- Scalawags: Southerners who were working with the North to buy up land from desperate Southerners.
- Carpetbaggers: Northerners who migrated south during the Reconstruction to take advantage of opportunities to make money.
- Convict Leasing: Southern state officials allowed private companies to hire prisoners to work in tough conditions in mines.