Key Logistics & Supply Chain Definitions
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- Carrier
- A company that carries goods by road.
- Freight Forwarder
- A person or business that arranges documentation and travel facilities for companies dispatching goods to customers.
- Supplier
- A company that supplies parts or services to another company, also known as a vendor.
- Haulier
- A company that carries goods by road.
- Courier
- A company that specializes in the speedy and secure delivery of small goods and packages.
- Consignee
- A person or firm named in a freight contract to whom goods have been shipped or turned over for care.
- Transshipment
- The loading of goods from one means of carriage onto another.
- Break-bulk
- The packing of goods in small, separable units.
- Cross-docking
- The direct flow of goods from receipt at the warehouse to shipping, bypassing storage.
- Order Picking
- The selection and assembly of items from stock for shipments.
- Reverse Logistics
- The collection and handling of used or damaged goods or of reusable transit equipment.
- Tracking and Tracing
- Locating items in transit.
- Warehousing
- Receiving and storing goods.
- Collection
- Picking up goods at a named place.
- Outsourcing
- Contracting functions out to third-party providers.
- Comprehensive
- Including a wide range of services.
- Consolidation
- The grouping of small shipments into a single container.
- Requirements
- Details of what is expected and needed.
- Demand
- The need for particular goods or services.
- Competition
- Companies trying to sell the same or similar products to customers.
- Lead Time
- The time it takes to produce and supply a product.
- Procurement
- The purchasing of goods required to run an enterprise.
- Retailer
- A business that buys products from wholesalers or manufacturers and resells them to the ultimate consumer.
- Customer Order Cycle Time
- The time customers are prepared to wait for the delivery of their order.
- Wholesaler
- An intermediary between manufacturers and retailers that buys in large quantities and resells in smaller quantities.
- JIT (Just-In-Time)
- A concept of reducing inventories by coordinating the delivery of materials just before they are needed.
- Multimodal
- Carriage of goods by at least two different modes of transport.
- Piggyback
- Combines road and rail transport.
- Intermodal
- Goods are transported in the same loading unit or vehicle using different modes of transport.
- Unaccompanied
- The driver does not stay with his road vehicle during transport by rail or ferry.
- Block Train
- A single shipper uses a whole train which is run directly from the loading point to the destination.
- Single-Wagon
- A train formed out of individual wagons or sets of wagons which have different origins and destinations.