Key Insights into Disease Types and Prevention

1: Rank these diseases in infectious and non-infectious diseases: measles, myocardial infarction, goiter, cancer, athlete's foot, anemia, candidiasis, AIDS, asthma, and diabetes. (1 POINT)

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2: Main microorganisms causing infectious diseases. Each of the tissues that affect it. (1 POINT)

• Bacteria causing diphtheria
• Fungus: causes of athlete's foot
• Protozoa: causes of sleeping sickness
• Viruses causing poliomyelitis

3: Modes of transmission of infectious diseases with examples. (Not tell). (1 POINT)

• For direct contact
• Of inert objects
• In the water we drink
• Through the ingestion of contaminated food
• In the air
• By animal transmitters

4: Different types of internal defenses (1 POINT)

Unspecific defense: They act against any microorganism or foreign particles. This action is carried out by phagocytes.
Specific defenses: Act against specific microorganisms or molecules foreign to the body. Lymphocytes produce proteins called antibodies, specific for each type of organism that destroy or inactivate invading agents.

5: Explain the stages of disease. (1 POINT)

1. Incubation phase: The time interval that elapses between when the pathogens invade an organism and the manifestation of the first symptoms of a disease.
2. Illness stage: Symptoms appear and clear signs of the disease as a result of damage to tissues.
3. Convalescent phase: After the removal of invading pathogens, the body must recover lost health and repair damage caused by the infection.

6: Would it be advisable to vaccinate against the flu for a person who is already suffering from this disease? (0.75 Points)

No. Vaccination is a preventive method, meaning it is used before the disease develops.

7: What constitutes fluid therapy? Example of disease (1.25)

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8: Would you take antibiotics if suffering from a cold? Is it reasonable? (1 POINT)

No. Antibiotics are meant to kill bacteria, and using them unnecessarily can lead to antibiotic resistance.

9: What is cancer? (1 POINT)

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10: List four healthy habits that can help prevent disease. (1 POINT)

• Do not eat food cooked with oil that has been used many times, as it may contain hazardous substances.
• Do not smoke, as the combustion of tobacco produces carcinogens.
• Engage in regular physical exercise to stimulate the functioning of all body systems and keep them in good condition.
• Avoid polluted environments, which can increase the risk of diseases.
• Ensure adequate rest, as it is necessary for the body to heal, including sufficient sleep.