Key Figures and Events in Medieval History
Classified in Religion
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Seljuk Turks
A group who conquered Palestine in 1073 and began to persecute Christians who visited.
Second Crusade
The second crusade was an effort to retake Edessa and was a disaster. It was led by King Louis VII and Emperor Conrad III.
Third Crusade
Led by Richard the Lionhearted, Philip II, and Frederick Barbarossa.
Cathedra
The word for the bishop's chair.
Chancel
The word for the choir area.
Sic et Non
A famous work by Peter Abelard.
Summa Theologica
A 21-volume work by St. Thomas Aquinas.
St. Bonaventure
A saint who distrusted St. Thomas Aquinas's theological system.
Abbot Suger
The person who designed St. Denis Cathedral.
Trivium
Rhetoric, logic, and grammar.
Quadrivium
Arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, and music.
Chartres
The most outstanding example of Gothic architecture, located just outside of Paris.
Boniface VIII
The pope who started the decline of the prestige of the papacy.
Clement V
Philip fixed the election to elect him as Pope (French).
The Imitation of Christ
A work by Thomas à Kempis.
Philip IV, also known as Philip the Fair.
William of Ockham
An Englishman whose writings called for a democratic form of Church government and was scandalized by the Avignon papacy.
Hundred Years' War
The Battle of Orleans and Joan of Arc were part of this war.
Gregory XI was the last Avignon Pope.
Urban VI
The election of this Italian Pope after Gregory XI was the fatal blow to Christendom.
Paul VI
In 1970, this Pope named Catherine of Siena a Doctor of the Church.
Catherine of Siena
A member of the Dominican Order, Scholastic philosopher, and theologian.
Bridget of Sweden
A mystic and saint, and founder of the order who worked to put Gregory XI back in Rome.
Julian of Norwich
A female saint who was well known for being an anchoress.
Joan of Arc
A female warrior who fought for France, nicknamed "The Maid of Orléans".
Conciliar Movement (Nominalism)
Based on the theory that Church reform could best take place by calling a council rather than relying on direct papal rule.
Alexander V
Elected as a compromise pope at Pisa.
Council of Constance
Called by King Sigismund of Bohemia to resolve the papal scandal.
(John) Wycliffe
Severely criticized the financial policies of the Avignon papacy and attacked papal authority. He dismissed the hierarchy, sacraments, and priesthood and taught strict poverty. His followers were known as Lollards.
John Hus
A man who taught Wycliffe's teachings in Bohemia.