Key Factors of the First Industrial Revolution

Factors Leading to the Industrial Revolution

1. Necessary Changes for the Revolution

What changes had to happen for the occurrence of the Industrial Revolution? The growth of population, the expansion of agriculture, and a change in economic mentality were essential.

2. European Population Until the 18th Century

What happened to the European population until the eighteenth century? The population grew slowly; the birth rate was high, but mortality was also high.

3. The Phenomenon of Rapid Population Growth

What do you call the phenomenon by which the population began to grow at a fast pace? It is called the Industrial Revolution.

4. Consequences of Population Increase

What were the consequences of the increase in population? It led to an increase in consumption and the need to improve agriculture.

Agricultural and Economic Transformations

5. 18th-Century Primary Sector Changes

What changes occurred in the primary sector in the eighteenth century? Enhanced agricultural techniques eliminated the fallow (barbecho) system through mechanization.

6. Major Changes in Agricultural Structures

What major changes occurred in agricultural structures? The land went from manorial estates to private property parcels; this also served to encourage investment and gain an advantage.

7. Economic Liberalism Principles

What economic principles did liberalism defend? It defended the idea that people should be free to form their own companies.

The Rise of British Industrialization

8. Origins of Industrialization

Where and when did industrialization begin? It began in Britain in the last third of the 18th century and then spread throughout Europe.

9. Prominent Sectors in the First Phase

Which sectors stood out in the first phase of the industry? The textile and iron and steel (siderurgy) sectors.

10. Chronology of the First Industrial Revolution

• 1750: Iron plow
• 1769: Steam engine
• 1814: Stephenson’s steam locomotive
• 1830: First passenger train
• 1869: Opening of the Suez Canal
• 1885: Invention of the automobile
• 1903: First airplane flight

The Shift to the Factory System

11. Manufacturing Before the 18th Century

How were goods manufactured until the eighteenth century? They were produced in small artisan workshops.

12. The Work of Traditional Craftsmen

How did craftsmen work? They did their work manually, without machines and with only a few tools.

13. Late 18th-Century Transitions

What happened in the late eighteenth century? The workshop (taller) began to be replaced by the factory.

14. The Significance of James Watt

Why is James Watt famous? He was the inventor of the steam engine.

15. Consequences of the Factory System

What consequences resulted from the appearance of factories? Industrial activities were concentrated in specific locations.

16. Factors Favoring Britain's Industrial Lead

What factors favored Britain in starting the Industrial Revolution? It had sufficient manpower and a huge market, iron deposits, and a widespread new mentality.