Key Concepts of the Nervous System and Sensory Biology
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Sensory Cells and Structures
Rod Cells
Detect light intensity and are used in black and white vision.Cone Cells
Detect color.Hair Cells
Located in the inner ear, these contain mechanoreceptors that detect vibrations.Cochlea
A structure of fluid-filled canals in the inner ear where hair cells are located.The Nervous System: Divisions and Functions
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Comprises the brain and spinal cord.Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
A collection of nerves that connects the CNS to all organ systems.Somatic Nervous System
A division of the PNS that regulates all movements over which you have voluntary control, connecting the CNS to target organs.Autonomic Nervous System
A division of the PNS that controls automatic functions that do not require conscious thought.Sympathetic Nervous System
Part of the autonomic nervous system that prepares the body for action and stress.Parasympathetic Nervous System
A division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body and helps conserve energy.Key Brain Structures and Their Roles
Cerebrum
The brain part that interprets signals from your body and forms responses such as hunger, thirst, emotions, motion, and pain.Cerebral Cortex
Interprets information from your sensory organs and generates responses.Cerebral Lobes
- Frontal Lobe: Personality, reasoning, and judgment.
- Temporal Lobe: Speech interpretation and listening.
- Occipital Lobe: Processes visual information.
- Parietal Lobe: Interprets information from the sense of touch.
Cerebellum
Coordinates movements, helps maintain posture and balance, and adjusts the body for smooth motion.Brain Stem
Connects the brain to the spinal cord and controls basic activities required for life.- Midbrain: Controls some reflexes.
- Pons: Regulates breathing.
- Medulla: Connects the brain to the spinal cord.