Key Concepts of the Late 19th Century United States
Classified in History
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Presidents | 16. Lincoln, 17. A. Johnson, 18. Grant, 19. Hayes, 20. Garfield, 21. Arthur, 22. Cleveland, 23. B. Harrison, 24. Cleveland, 25. McKinley, 26. T. Roosevelt, 27. Taft, 28. Wilson. |
Amendments | 13th: Abolishes slavery. 14th: Grants citizenship to all persons "born or naturalized in the United States," including formerly enslaved people, and provides all citizens with “equal protection under the laws.” 15th: Guarantees that the right to vote could not be denied based on “race, color, or previous condition of servitude.” 16th: Permits Congress to levy an income tax. 17th: Establishes the direct election of United States senators by popular vote. 18th: Prohibited the manufacturing or sale of alcohol within the United States. 19th: Prohibits the denial of the right to vote based on sex. |
Laissez Faire | A policy or attitude of letting things take their own course, without interfering. Government should stay out. |
Capitalism | An economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit. |
Monopoly | A monopoly is when an individual, group, or company dominates and controls the market for a specific good or service. They are the only business that sells a certain type of goods. |
Trust | A monopoly form that allows one party, known as a trustee, to hold, manage, and direct assets or property on behalf of another party, called the beneficiary. |
Sherman Antitrust Act | Passed in 1890, was the first federal law in the United States aimed at combating monopolies and maintaining competitive markets. Its primary goals were to prevent anti-competitive practices, protect consumers, and ensure fair competition in the economy. |
Clayton Antitrust Act | Enacted in 1914, was a U.S. federal law designed to strengthen and clarify antitrust laws, particularly the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890, by addressing specific practices that could harm competition. |
Plains Wars | A series of conflicts between Native American tribes and the U.S. government during the 19th century, primarily fought over control of the Great Plains and resistance to westward expansion. These wars included notable battles like the Sand Creek Massacre and the Battle of Little Bighorn. |
Assimilation | A policy or process by which Native Americans were forced or encouraged to adopt European-American cultural practices, values, and lifestyles, often through schooling, religion, and laws like the Dawes Act. The aim was to erase indigenous identities and integrate them into mainstream American society. |