Key Concepts in International Business and Trade

Core Concepts of Global Integration

• Globalization: The transition from local and nationalistic perspectives to a broader outlook of an interconnected world, facilitating the free transfer of capital, goods, and services across national frontiers.
• Mundialization: The solidarity of global populations to establish respect for the diversity of cultures and people.
• Globaloney: A portmanteau of "global" and "baloney" meaning "global nonsense." It suggests the world is not as globalized as many SMEs believe; operations remain largely local, requiring businesses to actively pursue consumer markets.
• Glocalization: The concept that products or services are more likely to succeed in a global market when customized for the specific locality or culture in which they are sold.
• Crobalization: Defined as the imperialistic ambitions of nations, corporations, and organizations to impose themselves on various geographic areas.
• Grobalization: Refers to the imperialistic desires that these entities seek to exert.

Strategic Innovation

Reverse Innovation: The strategy of innovating in emerging or developing markets and subsequently distributing or marketing these innovations in developed markets.

Branches of International Business

• Foreign Trade: Focuses on legislation and strategies.
• International Franchising: Involves the franchisor and the business model.

Foreign trade is the exchange of goods or services between two or more nations, allowing each to satisfy internal and external market needs.

Customs and Trade Actors

The Customs Broker: A natural person authorized by the Secretaría de Hacienda y Crédito Público via a patent to promote the clearance of goods on behalf of others under various customs regimes.

Key Actors in Foreign Trade

• Taxpayers: Individuals or entities responsible for contributing to public expenditure financing.
• Customs Authority: Responsible for RISAT operations, collection, and oversight.
• Customs Agents and Representatives: Manage oversight, control, and reporting. Exceptions: Simplified clearance, passengers, courier services, and small imports (under $3,000 USD).
• Economic Agents: Includes carriers, fiscalized premises, loading/unloading services, and general deposit warehouses.
• Taxpayer (Declarant): The party responsible for the payment of contributions and the direct liable entity.