Key Concepts in Evolutionary Biology

Abiogenesis

Process through which life appeared from non-living matter, such as simple organic molecules.

Cyanobacteria

Photosynthetic organisms responsible for the existence of oxygen in the atmosphere.

Homologous Organs

Organs that share an evolutionary origin and structure, but may have different functions. They evidence divergent evolution. Examples: whale and bat extremities.

Analogous Organs

Organs with the same function but different evolutionary origins. They evidence convergent evolution. Examples: insect and bird wings.

Vestigial Organs

Organs that are disappearing because they are no longer useful. Examples: kiwi and cassowary wings.

Evolutionary Lineage

Fossils show progressive transformations, providing evidence of evolution and allowing the study of evolutionary lineage.

Living Fossils

Organisms that have changed little over time.

Coevolution

Process where two species mutually influence each other's evolution.

Mutualism

Interaction where both species benefit.

Parasitism

Interaction where one species benefits at the other's expense.

Mimesis

Capacity of species to mimic others or the environment for survival.

Domestication

Artificial selection modifying physical appearance and behavior from wild ancestors.

Stratum

Indicates fossil age: deeper stratum equals older fossil.

Natural Selection

Individuals with advantageous characteristics for survival in a specific environment are favored.

Phylogeny

Study of evolutionary relationships among living things.

Biodiversity

Wide variety of living things on our planet.

Humanization

Process of acquiring Homo sapiens characteristics.