Key Concepts in Biology: Life's Origins & Classification
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1. Sequence of Life's Emergence
What is the correct sequence of events representing how life may have emerged?
Answer: Monomers formed — Polymers formed — Membrane-bound "sacs" emerged — Metabolism and self-replication — RNA produced.
2. Identifying Extinct Species
Which species are extinct?
Answer: Species A and E.
3. Common Ancestor Location
In a phylogenetic tree, the common ancestor for both species C and E could be at position number:
Answer: 4.
4. Science of Classification
The area of science that classifies and names organisms is called:
Answer: Taxonomy.
5. Correct Binomial Nomenclature
Which of the following is correctly written using the binomial nomenclature system?
Answer: Canis lupus.
6. Definition of Binomial Nomenclature
Binomial nomenclature refers to the process of:
Answer: Naming organisms using a two-part naming system.
7. Endosymbiotic Theory Explained
The Endosymbiotic Theory explains:
Answer: How mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from free-living cells.
8. Characteristics of Scientific Names
All scientific names of organisms must be:
Answer: Unique and consist of two Latin words.
9. Capitalization in Scientific Names
In printed scientific names, only the _________ is capitalized:
Answer: Genus.
10. Limitations of Linnaean Taxonomy
Linnaean taxonomy has some serious limitations because it doesn't account for:
Answer: Molecular data.
11. UV Light Vision in Organisms
How many organisms share the ability to see in the UV light spectrum?
Answer: 3.
12. Miller-Urey Experiment Findings
The Miller-Urey experiment demonstrated that:
Answer: Energy from lightning might have helped create Earth's first organic molecules.
13. Organic Molecules from Miller-Urey
One of the organic molecules created in the Miller-Urey experiment was?
Answer: Amino acids.
14. Cyanobacteria's Impact on Earth's Atmosphere
Cyanobacteria changed Earth's atmosphere by producing?
Answer: Oxygen.
15. Largest Taxonomic Division
The largest division that a group of organisms can belong to is?
Answer: Domain.
16. Archaea as a Separate Domain
The separation of Archaebacteria into a separate domain indicates:
Answer: That these organisms are very different from Eubacteria and from Eukaryotes.
17. RNA's Role as Early Hereditary Material
RNA molecules can be both self-replicating and catalytic. This probably means that:
Answer: RNA was the first hereditary information.
18. Overcoming Primitive Earth Conditions
What biological process allowed life to thrive despite the very extreme and harsh conditions on primitive Earth?
Answer: Photosynthesis.
19. Evidence for Endosymbiosis Theory
What is the evidence for the Endosymbiosis Theory?
Answer: All of the above (referring to previously presented options).
20. Origin of Organic Monomers on Earth
The finding that organic monomers can be found within very old meteorites suggests that:
Answer: Organic monomers were brought to Earth by meteorites.
21. Developer of Binomial Classification
The binomial system of classification was developed by?
Answer: Linnaeus.
22. Organisms Thriving in Extreme Conditions
Single-celled prokaryotes that are classified by their ability to survive extreme conditions are called:
Answer: Archaea.
23. Current Kingdom Classification
Biologists currently recognize only three kingdoms: Plants, Animals, and Protista.
Answer: False.
24. Taxonomic Hierarchy Sequence
Which of the following sequences shows the correct order of taxonomic classification from broadest to most specific?
Answer: Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.
25. Cladogram Common Ancestry
In a given cladogram, organism B has a common ancestor with organism:
Answer: C.