Kant's Critique of Metaphysics: Synthetic A Priori Knowledge

Kant's Critique of Traditional Metaphysics

Kant conceives of traditional metaphysics as dogmatic speculation, unsubstantiated and false wisdom, founded only in analytic judgments. This widespread practice seeks truth by considering subjective and objective factors. Kant questions how metaphysical claims are possible. For Kant, the existence of metaphysics as a science (ciencia) depends on certain requirements. All scientific knowledge must expand our understanding and be universal, such that everyone can share in its consensus without doubt or differences. Metaphysical principles and presuppositions do not meet these requirements, as they are founded on analytic judgments that are necessary but do not contribute anything new to knowledge. Metaphysics has been based on the principle of non-contradiction, but it transcends the limits of pure reason and human experience.

Kant commands all metaphysicians to suspend their activities until they demonstrate how synthetic a priori knowledge is possible in metaphysics.

Metaphysics as Science: The Possibility of A Priori Knowledge

The condition Kant sets for metaphysics to be considered a science is to demonstrate the possibility of synthetic a priori knowledge. Otherwise, metaphysics is merely an art of convictions that are profitable and fit general understanding. Although Kant claims to have performed a Copernican shift in Western philosophy, his work is influenced by the rationalist and empiricist traditions of his time. Kant intended to replace traditional metaphysics with a new transcendental philosophy, often seen as a critical metaphysics. This approach recognizes the limits of pure reason and aims to overcome dogmatic slumber.

Conclusion: Questioning Traditional Metaphysics

In conclusion, Kantian philosophy questions traditional metaphysics. Although exceeding the limits of pure reason, there is a natural and consistent human disposition, often dormant, that tends to resort to metaphysics, seeking guidance and answers about life and the future.