Invitation to William of Orange: A Turning Point in English History

Invitation to the Prince of Orange (June 30, 1688)

Historical Context

During the 17th-century Restoration Period, Stuart kings returned to the English throne. Following the reign of Charles II (who had no legitimate heirs), his Catholic brother, James II, ascended to the throne in 1685, despite opposition from Protestants who favored Charles's illegitimate Protestant son, James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth. This led to societal divisions between the Petitioners (Whigs) and the royalist Abhorrers (Tories).

James II's attempts to solidify Catholic power and his fathering of a son, who would likely continue a Catholic dynasty, fueled discontent among the Protestant majority. This context led to the conspiracy to replace James II with his Protestant daughter, Mary, and her husband, the Dutch Prince William of Orange.

The Invitation

The "Immortal Seven," a group of prominent nobles, penned this invitation to William of Orange, urging him to intervene and overthrow James II. They express their concerns about the future of England under continued Catholic rule, stating the need to find "a remedy before it be too late." They carefully detail the discontent among the English people, whose "religion, liberties and properties [have been] greatly invaded." While many nobles share this sentiment, they are hesitant to openly express it due to the risks involved in such a conspiracy.

Key Concerns

• Fear of a Catholic dynasty
• Erosion of Protestant rights and liberties
• Widespread discontent among the population
• Desire for a Protestant monarch

The Plea to William

The Immortal Seven assure William of their support in deposing James II, emphasizing the urgency of the situation and the potential for a successful overthrow with his intervention.