Introduction to Campus Journalism in the Philippines

ENG 103: Introduction to Campus Journalism

Lesson 1: Campus Journalism Overview

Scope:

• Written
• Oral
• Visual

Campus Paper:

A free school newspaper that educates students and the community.

Functions:

• Aids students, schools, and the community

Other Functions (by Harold Spears and C.H. Lawshe Jr.):

• Information
• Opinion
• Education
• Watchdog
• Laboratory
• Documentation
• Entertainment
• Developmental

Sections & Parts:

A. Front Page:

• Local news, foreign news, dateline, weather, index
• Nameplate: Printed name of the newspaper
• Ears: Little boxes on either side of the nameplate
• Banner: The principal headline (Streamer - if it runs across the page)
• Running head: Headline made up of 2 or more lines
• Headline: Title of any news or story
• Deck: Subordinate headline placed below the motherline (aka bank/readout)
• Lead: Beginning of a news story
• News story: Whole story of an event
• Columns: Horizontal divisions of the newspaper
• Column rule: Vertical line that divides the page into columns
• Fold: Imaginary line dividing the newspaper equally
• Byline: Signature of a reporter
• Box: News enclosed by line rules
• Cut: Metal plate bearing a newspaper's illustration (aka cliché)
• Cutline: Or caption; text accompanying photos or artworks (if above slugline, called overline)
• Kicker: Tagline placed above but smaller than the headline (aka teaser); hammer if bigger than the headline
• Credit line: Source of the story or illustration

B. Editorial Page:

• Folio, masthead, editorial proper, editorial columns, editorial cartoon, editorial liner, letter to the editor

C. Sports Page

D. Special Features:

• Detailed presentation of facts in an interesting form adapted to rapid reading

Lesson 2: Overview of Campus Journalism

Common Media Forms

Media is any channel of communication, while mass media refers to a diverse array of media that reaches a large audience via mass communication. Three common media forms are print, broadcast, and film media.

Media Literacy

The ability to access and analyze media messages as well as create, reflect, and take action.

Cycle: Access > Analyze > Create > Reflect > Act

Tenets:

1. Media messages are constructed.
2. Media construct reality.
3. Different people experience the same media message in different ways.
4. Media have embedded values and points of view.
5. Media are primarily business-driven by a profit motive.

History of Journalism

"Acta Diurna" is the earliest known journalistic product, from ancient Rome before 59 BCE. Jean Loret, the world's first journalist, disseminated weekly news of music, dance, and Parisian society in verse in the 17th century. The first Philippine newspaper was established in 1811, called "Del Superior Govierno" or Governor General.

Campus journalism in the Philippines began in the 19th century at the college level and in the early 20th century for high school publications. Carlos P. Romulo was a notable figure in Philippine journalism, winning America's Pulitzer Prize and publishing 18 books. The Department of Instruction and Information released a memorandum in 1945 outlining what school papers should consist of.

Formal Journalism Instruction

Formal classroom instruction for journalism began in 1952. Mrs. Sarah England experimented with teaching journalism at Mapa High School in 1952. Mrs. Clehenia San Juan was appointed journalism supervisor in Araullo, Torres, Arellano, and Abad Santos High School in 1964.

"Journalism is the first rough draft of history." - Philip L. Graham

Lesson 5: Tenets of Journalism and the Campus Journalism Act of 1991

Tenets of Journalism:

1. Responsibility
2. Independence
3. Freedom of the Press
4. Objectivity, Truthfulness, and Accuracy
5. Fairness

Limitations of the Press:

• Timeframe for article submission
• Proneness to manipulation by powerful individuals

Campus Journalism Act of 1991:

RA 7079 provides for the development and promotion of campus journalism in the Philippines. Introduced by Senator Ramon "Bong" Revilla, Jr.

Rules and Regulations of the RA:

• Student Publication
• Funding of Student Publication
• Publication Adviser
• Security of Tenure
• Press Conference Training and Seminar
• Rules and Regulations
• Tax Exemption

Approved: July 5, 1991