Inhaled Corticosteroids & Bronchodilators: Usage, Side Effects & Diet

Inhaled Corticosteroids and Bronchodilators: Administration

In a regimen of inhaled corticosteroids and bronchodilators, bronchodilators should be administered first. Steroids relieve symptoms but do not treat the inflammation.

Difference Between Bronchodilators and Steroidal Anti-Inflammatories

Bronchodilators act by dilating and opening the bronchus. Short-acting medications are used for immediate relief, while long-acting forms are used with scheduled corticosteroids.

Anti-inflammatories eliminate or alleviate inflammation of the bronchi. Steroids are the most widely used anti-inflammatories.

Health Education for Patients on Inhaled Glucocorticoids

• If using a combined regimen of bronchodilators and corticosteroids, inhale the bronchodilator first.
• Rinse the mouth after using inhaled steroids with oral antiseptics to prevent fungal infections.
• If you have diabetes, monitor blood glucose control, as inhaled glucocorticoids can produce hyperglycemia.
• Use inhalation devices properly.

Why Rinse Your Mouth After Inhaling Glucocorticoids?

Rinsing prevents fungal infections.

Adrenergic Agonists for Asthma Management

The exclusive use of adrenergic agonists is insufficient for asthma management. Adding inhaled glucocorticoids improves lung function.

When to Use Antitussives for Cough

Use antitussives when the cough is dry, sharp, or non-productive.

Side Effects and Considerations

Major Side Effects of Beta Blockers

The main side effect is hypotension. In older people, monitor for possible effects of depression, cognitive impairment, hallucinations, or psychosis.

Dietary Recommendations for Furosemide and Spironolactone

Furosemide: This is a photosensitive drug, usually administered in boluses or relatively fast infusions. When administered by continuous infusion, protect the bag from light.

Spironolactone: Avoid diets rich in potassium, as this diuretic does not eliminate potassium, potentially causing hyperkalemia. Monitor consumption of vitamin supplements or sports drinks containing high levels of electrolytes.

Considerations Before Intravenous Dopamine Infusion

Monitor the person before and during infusion. Infuse into a large-gauge track due to its high risk as a vesicant if extravasation occurs, and use an intravenous infusion pump. Calculate the dose and infusion rate strictly.

How Statins Work

Statins work by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, which reduces cholesterol production in the liver.

Effects of Digoxin Poisoning

Effects include arrhythmias, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, visual changes, and abdominal pain. Bigeminy (1 normal cycle and 1 alternating ventricular extrasystole) can occur.

Monitoring and Management of Intravenous Furosemide

Monitor blood pressure frequently to control the potential for hypotension. Monitor weight daily during treatment.