Industrial Revolution in Britain: 1750-1850

The Industrial Revolution in Britain: 1750-1850

Britain transformed into an industrialized nation between 1750 and 1850. The Industrial Revolution dramatically altered the lives of people living in Britain. The population during this period was approximately 11 million people, primarily residing in villages and earning their livelihoods through agriculture. However, by 1850, the population had surged to about 21 million. People began to migrate to cities and work in factories, leading to a significant shift in their way of life. This essay will argue that the Industrial Revolution was spurred by three crucial factors: population increase, raw materials, and transportation.

Population Growth and its Impact

One of the primary reasons for industrialization was the escalating population around 1750. This growth was fueled by new technological and health advancements, resulting in longer lifespans and a greater demand for goods. With more people, there was a larger workforce available to operate factories. This increase necessitated the production of more goods for everyone. Consequently, raw materials became essential.

The Role of Raw Materials and the Steam Engine

New materials were discovered, most notably coal, which was found in underground mines. Burning coal produced energy, proving highly useful. Therefore, a more efficient method of extracting this new raw material was needed. Consequently, workers developed a machine known as the steam engine, which used coal to extract more coal and convert it into energy. Energy was utilized for the creation of numerous goods and products that could be sold to meet the needs of the growing population. The production generated by factories was controlled by the bourgeoisie, who reaped the benefits. Advancements driven by energy also impacted trade, leading to improvements in transportation.

Transportation Advancements

Between 1660 and 1750, transportation experienced a significant boost, facilitating the movement of goods from one place to another. Improved railways and canals allowed raw materials like iron and coal, along with other goods, to reach their destinations more quickly. Not only products but also new ideas could travel faster. This had an enormous impact, becoming one of the most important catalysts of the Industrial Revolution and making life easier for those living in Britain during this era.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Britain underwent numerous changes over approximately one hundred years. Population growth was substantial, but there was sufficient food for everyone as agriculture also expanded. The abundance of raw materials facilitated factory production, and advancements in transport significantly influenced the Industrial Revolution. The development of transport enabled the movement of raw materials and also helped the British expand their colonies and allowed merchants to travel overseas. This led to increased wealth, which was then invested in new businesses. Up to this point, the Industrial Revolution had completely transformed life in Britain for the better.