Individual vs Society: Tensions, Exclusion, and Philosophical Views

Tensions Between Individual and Society

5.1 Rejection

Rejection occurs when the majority social group does not accept or recognize certain individuals as full members. This depends on various factors, and social responsiveness can vary.

5.2 Self-Exclusion

Self-exclusion is the opposite of rejection. In this case, the individual does not identify with the group and therefore excludes themselves. The factors causing this lack of recognition are diverse and may be due to sudden changes in society or community.

5.2.1 Consequences

5.2.1.1 Marginalization

Marginalization results from both self-exclusion and rejection, fundamentally leading to a state of isolation.

5.2.1.2 Violence

Violence is both a cause and consequence of social rejection. The aggressiveness associated with rejection leads to punishment, and others react with violence due to the exclusion they experience.

6. Hobbes and Rousseau

6.1 Hobbes

Hobbes posits that humans are like beasts, endowed with cunning and strength. This leads to a war of all against all, where defense is the primary concern, hindering activities like agriculture. The solution is to relinquish the fight and entrust justice to a state that prioritizes security.

6.2 Rousseau

Rousseau argues that humans are inherently good, living in harmony and fulfilling their desires. Evil arises when someone takes something without permission, forcing individuals to choose a representative. This transfer of power corrupts humans because society always finds reasons to justify its desires.

6.3 Both

Both philosophers consider a state of nature where society does not exist. They use this hypothetical state to develop their theories about the relationship between individuals and society. They view society as artificial, created by humans, rather than a natural phenomenon.