Indian Laws and Legal Frameworks for Women's Rights
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Module I: Position of Women in India
| Area | Key Points |
| Pre-Independence | Patriarchal society. Practices included: Sati, Purdah, child marriage, and widow oppression. |
| Post-Independence | Focus on equality and dignity, supported by legal reforms and social welfare policies. |
| Constitutional Safeguards |
|
| Key Institution | National Commission for Women Act, 1990. |
| Theories of Crime Against Women | Biological, Psychological, Sociological, and Feminist theories. |
Module II: Sexual Wrongs Against Women
Key Acts and Sections Related to Sexual Crimes
| Area | Key Acts / Sections |
| Workplace Harassment | POSH Act, 2007 (Prevention of Sexual Harassment). |
| Sexual Crimes (Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita - BNS) | Sections 63–74: Rape, gang rape, outraging modesty. Sections 75–79: Assault, harassment, voyeurism, stalking. |
| Child Protection | POCSO Act, 2012 (Sections 3–13); BNS Sections 93–99. |
| Miscarriage | BNS Sections 88–92. |
| Public Servant Negligence | BNS Sections 199 & 200. |
| Trafficking | Immoral Traffic Prevention Act, 1956. |
| Indecent Display | Indecent Representation of Women Act, 1986. |
Other Heinous Crimes and Protections
| Area | Act / Sections |
| Bigamy, Cruelty | BNS Sections 81–87. |
| Honor Killing | Treated as murder; BNS Section 99 (aggravated offense). |
| Abetment of Suicide | Section 108 BNS. |
| Dowry | Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961; BNS Section 80 (Dowry Death). |
| Domestic Violence | PWDVA, 2005 (Protection orders, residence orders, compensation provisions). |
| Child Marriage | Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006. |
| Triple Talaq | Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Marriage) Act, 2019. |
Digital Crimes and Health Legislation
| Area | Provisions |
| Cyber Offences (BNS) | Section 77: Voyeurism. Section 78: Stalking. Section 79: Insult to Modesty. Sections 294 & 356: Social Media Abuse. |
| Bullying, Trolling, Revenge Porn | Punishable under BNS and the IT Act, 2008. |
| IT Act Coverage | Identity theft, fake profiles, obscenity, transmission of sexual content. |
| Support Mechanisms | National Cyber Crime Reporting Portal; Women Helpline 181. |
| Health Legislation | PNDT Act, 1994 (ban on sex-selection); MTP Act, 1971 (termination of pregnancy). |
| Victim Support | Victim Compensation Scheme (Government fund for survivors). |