India's Road to Freedom: Milestones of Independence
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The Battle of Plassey in 1757 marked a significant turning point in Indian history. It resulted in the establishment of British control over Bengal, marking the beginning of British colonial rule in India. This victory allowed the British East India Company to expand its influence and control over other parts of India, leading to the gradual colonization of the subcontinent.
The Path to Indian Independence: Key Movements and Milestones
Birth of Indian National Congress and Swadeshi Movement (1885 - 1905)
Indian National Congress (INC)
Founded in 1885, the Indian National Congress (INC) aimed to achieve self-rule for India through peaceful means. Its early leaders included Allan Octavian Hume, Dadabhai Naoroji, and Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee.
Swadeshi Movement
This movement, initiated in 1905, encouraged Indians to boycott British goods and use locally produced ones. It gained momentum under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi and aimed to weaken the British economy and promote self-reliance.
Non-Cooperation Movement and Civil Disobedience Movement (1920 - 1934)
Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-1922)
Launched by Mahatma Gandhi in response to the Rowlatt Act and Jallianwala Bagh Massacre, it urged Indians to withdraw cooperation from British institutions (schools, courts, etc.) and revive indigenous industries.
Civil Disobedience Movement (1930-1934)
This movement aimed to defy the British Salt Act through peaceful protests like the Dandi March led by Mahatma Gandhi. It highlighted the injustice of colonial rule and gained widespread support.
Quit India Movement and Independence (1942 - 1947)
Quit India Movement (1942)
Launched in response to the failure of Cripps Mission talks, it demanded immediate independence. Though eventually suppressed, it marked a decisive turning point in the freedom struggle.
Independence (1947)
After prolonged negotiations and mounting political pressure, the British agreed to partition India and granted independence to two dominions: India and Pakistan on August 15, 1947.