Iconic Roman Architecture and Sculptures

Maison Carrée

Located in Nîmes, France, the Maison Carrée (16 BC) is a hexastyle temple, measuring 14 x 28 meters. Elevated on a podium with stairs, it features Corinthian columns embedded within the cell walls, creating a pseudoperipteral design. The temple is constructed of marble.

Pantheon

The Pantheon in Rome, constructed of concrete and brick, boasts a diameter of 43.50 meters at its base. A columned portico leads into the grand, coffered rotunda, capped by a massive dome.

Colosseum (Flavian Amphitheater)

Built between 72-80 AD, the Colosseum in Rome is the world's largest Roman amphitheater, measuring 188 x 156 meters and accommodating up to 50,000 spectators. Constructed from concrete, stone, brick, and marble, it features four tiers. The top tier was internally protected by a colonnade. Squared stone and mortar vaults are prominent features. Each floor showcases a different architectural order: Doric on the first, Ionic on the second, and Corinthian elements on the third, creating a visually striking repetition of arches.

Augustus Haranguing His Troops (Prima Porta Augustus)

This 204 cm marble statue, housed in the Vatican Museum, is a posthumous copy of a bronze original created around 19 BC. It depicts Augustus addressing his troops in the manner of the god Mars. Known as the Prima Porta Augustus, it features an idealized Republican hairstyle and was widely reproduced for public display. Another statue portrays Augustus offering a sacrifice (Via Labicana type).

Ara Pacis of Augustus

Located in Rome, the Ara Pacis, made of Carrara marble, is renowned for its relief carvings. These include bucrania, a garland frieze, a plinth with acanthus scrolls, four allegories, and two friezes depicting the civic procession for the annual sacrifice.

Allegory of Earth

This Carrara marble sculpture in Rome features an allegory of Earth flanked by fertilizing spirits: Air on a swan and Water on a sea monster, symbolizing prosperity and abundance under Augustus's peace.

Courtship of Senators

This Carrara marble relief, dating from 13-9 BC, is located in Rome.

Arch of Titus

The Arch of Titus (80-85 AD), constructed of Pentelic marble and measuring 2.40 x 3.80 meters, stands in Rome. It depicts Titus's legionnaires triumphantly returning from Palestine with spoils from the Temple of Jerusalem. The arch's historical narrative emphasizes the power of Rome.

Arch of Constantine

The 21-meter-high Arch of Constantine (312-316 AD) in Rome is built of marble. It features three spans between columns set on high pedestals and a commemorative inscription in the center.

Trajan's Column

Erected in 113 AD, Trajan's Column in Rome is a 29.78-meter-tall marble structure (equivalent to 100 Roman feet) with a diameter of 3.83 meters. It is adorned with a spiral relief and topped by a statue of Trajan.

Column of Marcus Aurelius

The Column of Marcus Aurelius (180-193 AD) in Rome is a marble column measuring 29.78 meters high (100 Roman feet) and 3.80 meters in diameter.