Hydraulic Systems: Principles, Components, and Industrial Applications

Hydraulic Systems: Principles and Applications

I. Fundamentals of Hydraulics

1. What is a hydraulic system?

A hydraulic system consists of hydraulic fluid, pistons or rams, cylinders, an accumulator or oil reservoir, a complete working mechanism, and safety devices.

2. What are hydraulic systems used for?

These systems are capable of remotely controlling a wide variety of equipment by transmitting force, carried by the hydraulic fluid, in a confined medium.

3. How is force transferred in hydraulic systems?

These systems transfer high forces rapidly and accurately, even through small, lightweight pipes of any shape, and over long distances.

4. Name at least 6 areas in which hydraulic systems are applied.

1. Automobile garages
2. Petrol pumps (Gas stations)
3. Measuring weights of heavy-lift trucks
4. Hydraulic cranes
5. Automobile steering gears (Power steering)
6. Automobile brakes (Disc brakes)

II. Core Principles and Definitions

a) Pascal's Law

Spanish Definition: Presión aplicada a un fluido confinado se transmite de igual manera en toda dirección.

English Explanation: Pressure applied to a confined fluid is transmitted the same way in all directions.

b) Purposes of Hydraulic Fluids

Spanish Definition: Transmitir fuerza, enfriar, lubricar y sellar.

English Explanation: The primary purposes of hydraulic fluids are to:

• Transmit force
• Cool the system
• Lubricate moving parts
• Seal components

c) Hydraulic Pressure

Spanish Definition: La fuerza aplicada a un área, se realiza de manera perpendicular a la superficie del objeto.

English Explanation: Hydraulic pressure is the force applied to an area, exerted perpendicularly to the surface of the object.

d) Name at least 6 elements that utilize hydraulics.

Hydraulics is used in:

• Vehicle power steering
• Dump trucks
• Flight simulators
• Hydraulic jacks
• Presses
• Heavy earth-moving equipment

e) What is the main element hydrostatics works with?

Spanish Definition: La hidrostática trabaja con fluidos en estado de reposo.

English Explanation: Hydrostatics works with fluids at rest.

Electricity and Industrial Energy Consumption

III. Electricity in the Mining Industry

1. Which is one of the most important energy consumers?

The mining industry is one of the most important energy consumers globally.

2. What is one of the main concerns regarding the mining industry?

A main concern regarding the mining industry is the local environmental impact of mines.

3. Which is one of the most reported issues mining industry deals with?

The sustainability reports of major mining companies frequently address the critical issue of water management.