Human Tissues, Organs and Body Systems
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Tissue
Tissue: is formed of cells of a similar type that work together to carry out specific functions. Most tissue cells are held together by their own intercellular substances. The human body has four different tissue groups:
Connective Tissue
Connective tissue proper: It surrounds and connects organs and has a gel-like intercellular matrix. Ex: Tendons and ligaments.
Adipose tissue: Stores lipids for protection and energy reserves, using cells called adipocytes.
Cartilaginous tissue: It has a solid, elastic intercellular matrix and cells known as chondrocytes.
Bone tissue: Its rigidity allows it to support the body, along with cartilage.
Blood tissue: It is responsible for the transport of nutrients, hormones and waste, as well as for protecting against illness.
Muscle Tissue
Smooth muscle tissue: Its contraction and relaxation are responsible for the involuntary movements of some organs.
Cardiac muscle tissue: Heart muscle contractions involuntarily pump blood. This muscle tissue is unique in that it does not get tired.
Skeletal muscle tissue: It is responsible for most voluntary movement.
Epithelial Tissue
Covering and lining epithelium has different cell structures and layers depending on its function.
Glandular epithelium: Forms exocrine glands which secrete substances for excretion, and endocrine glands that secrete hormones into blood.
Nervous Tissue
Transmits nerve impulses. It is formed of star-shaped cells called neurons.
Organs and Transplants
Organs are complex structures, composed of various types that work together.
Organ transplants involve replacing damaged organs or tissue from one person with healthy material taken from another person.
Organ Systems
Organ systems consist of two or more organs that work together.
Organ systems for nutrition-
- Circulatory system - Function: to transport substances around the body.
- Digestive system - Function: to supply the body with necessary nutrients.
- Respiratory system - To supply oxygen to the body and expel carbon dioxide from blood.
- Excretory system - To remove metabolic waste and balance water and minerals.
For reproduction:
- Female and male reproductive systems - To create new life (babies).
For interaction:
- Nervous system - To receive and interpret stimuli, and to send instructions to the brain and organs.
- Endocrine system - To produce hormones.
- Locomotor system - To allow movements and provide support and protection.