Human Reproduction: From Fertilization to Embryonic Development
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Fertilization
Fertilization is the fusion of male and female gametes, initiating the process of reproduction. It's important to note that fertilization of the egg is not immediate upon contact.
Human Fertilization
In humans, fertilization occurs when a sperm and egg unite in the fallopian tubes after sexual intercourse. Humans develop from the union of these two tiny cells. Mature eggs measure approximately 0.135 mm in diameter, while sperm are even smaller. Each ejaculation can contain between 120 and 600 million sperm. The union of these cells has the potential to create a new human being with extraordinary abilities.
Zygote
In biology, a zygote is the cell formed by the union of male and female gametes during sexual reproduction in organisms like animals, plants, fungi, and some unicellular eukaryotes. The zygote's cytoplasm and organelles are of maternal origin, coming from the egg.
Sexual Reproduction
Sexual reproduction, involving gametes, is the most common reproductive method for multicellular organisms. Many organisms use it not exclusively, but in alternation with asexual reproduction. It also occurs in unicellular organisms, particularly protozoa and algae.
Asexual Reproduction
Asexual reproduction, also known as vegetative reproduction, involves a single cell or body parts from a developed individual. Through mitosis, these can form a complete individual genetically identical to the parent. It occurs with a single parent and without the involvement of gametes.
Embryology
Embryology, or modernly known as developmental biology, studies morphogenesis and embryonic development from gametogenesis to the formation of the adult organism. The formation and development of an embryo is called embryogenesis. This field is closely related to anatomy and histology.
Embryonic Development
Embryonic development is the period from fertilization to the birth of a new organism, even in cases where fertilization doesn't occur, such as in parthenogenesis.