Human Needs Hierarchy, Psychology, and Disaster Levels

Human Needs Hierarchy

The hierarchy of human needs dictates that once needs at one level are satisfied, new needs and desires at a higher level emerge. These levels are:

1. Physiological Needs: Essential for survival and health.
2. Safety and Security: Reinsurance, protection, love, and stability.
3. Emotional Relationships: Membership and belonging.
4. Esteem: Self-help and the pursuit of exceeding performance.

Psychology's Purpose and Ethics

Psychology has human purposes and objectives, such as social welfare and quality of life. The profession is governed by a code of ethics designed to serve as a pattern of professional conduct. Psychologists respect and promote integrity in science.

Criminology and Forensic Psychology

Gross Hans's criminology suggests that psychology and crime should be treated, not just the study of the criminal mind. Forensic psychology is a key area.

Memory and Community Psychology

Cattell conducted experiments to obtain an index of measured precision and accuracy. These experiments inferred that observation was not completely reliable. Memory studies emerged in the U.S. Community psychology aims to develop social and community resources for self-management. It studies the science of community behavior, planning, and implementing preventive actions and social change.

Organizational Behavior

Organizations are social formations of individuals and groups that constitute a system of roles. Within psychology, we can distinguish three levels:

1. Individual: Studies organizational behavior.
2. Group: Behaviors resulting from member interaction.
3. Organizational: Behavior influenced by the organization as a whole.

Disasters and Their Levels

Disasters are extraordinary and unusual events, often unexpected, involving damage and destruction. They can cause loss of human lives, material loss, and physical injury. Natural disasters are a consequence of nature's elements and can be predictable or unpredictable. Examples include:

• Earthquakes (geological)
• Hurricanes (climatic)
• Bacteriological plagues (e.g., rats)
• Animal plagues

Levels of Disaster

1. Enclosed and Located: Local resources are adequate and sufficient for the population.
2. Damaged Institutions: Requires help from several regional institutions.

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