Human Body Systems: Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Digestive Health

Cardiovascular System: Key Definitions

Cardiovascular Disease

It can be caused by smoking, poor diet, stress, physical inactivity, or hereditary factors.

Atherosclerosis

It is the hardening of artery walls caused by the buildup of cholesterol and lipids.

Hypertension

It is abnormally high blood pressure.

Heart Attack

It occurs when an artery that supplies blood to the heart becomes blocked.

Stroke

It occurs when a blood vessel in the brain becomes blocked or bursts.

Respiratory System Anatomy

The main parts of the respiratory system include:

• Nasal Cavities
• Mouth
• Pharynx
• Larynx
• Trachea (Windpipe)
• Bronchus
• Bronchiole
• Alveoli
• Lungs
• Diaphragm

Respiratory System Part Identification

1. It is the organ that produces the sense of smell: Nose/Nasal Cavity
2. It is also known as the throat; it extends until the end of the esophagus: Pharynx
3. It is a 5-inch long tube that connects the larynx to the bronchi: Trachea/Windpipe
4. There are two branches at the end of the trachea: Bronchus
5. They are smaller ramifications in the lungs: Bronchiole
6. They are cup-shaped structures found at the end of bronchioles: Alveoli
7. They are large, spongy organs found in the thorax lateral to the heart: Lungs
8. It is the principal muscle of respiration in the human body: Diaphragm

Respiratory System Disorders

Asthma

It is the narrowing of the respiratory passages.

Emphysema

It is damage to the alveoli, often caused by smoking.

Pulmonary Fibrosis

It is the scarring of the lung tissue.

Pulmonary Tuberculosis

It is an infectious disease caused by bacteria.

Pneumonia

It is the buildup of fluids in the alveoli.

Digestive System: Types of Digestion

Mechanical Digestion

The physical act of breaking down food by mastication (chewing).

Chemical Digestion

Enzymes break down molecules of food.

Digestive System Anatomy

The main parts of the digestive system include:

• Mouth
• Teeth
• Esophagus
• Stomach
• Liver
• Gallbladder
• Pancreas
• Small Intestine
• Large Intestine
• Anus

Digestive Organ Functions

1. Pharynx: Muscles propel material into the esophagus.
2. Esophagus: Transports materials to the stomach.
3. Stomach: Breaks down materials via acid and enzymes.
4. Large Intestine: Dehydrates and compacts indigestible materials.
5. Small Intestine: Absorbs water, organic substances, and vitamins.