Hot Water Systems: Installation, Components, and Maintenance

Hot Water System Essentials

1. Tube Layout Characteristics: Pre-Use Checks

• Measuring diameter and wall thickness
• Analyzing galvanized steel tubing
• Testing hot water flow capacity (if applicable)
• Checking width
• Identifying accessory types

2. Tube Layout: Records Before Covering

• Ensuring no water leaks from joints under load tests
• Positioning hot water lines above cold water lines
• Maintaining minimum distances from other utilities:
  • 3 cm from gas pipes
  • 4 cm from other pipes
  • 30 cm from electrical lines

3. Types of Pipe Connections

• Concrete (with metal jacket): Double-shirt welding bead (interior and exterior)
• Steel: Thread, flange, or welding
• Cast Iron: Flange connection, automatic and mechanical joint gasket
• Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC): Screw joints, gluing, or ring Betony
• Polyethylene: Heat welding or special parts
• Copper: Welded

4. Galvanized Steel Tank: Primary Circuit Pipe Material

Use stainless steel or enameled steel. Copper can cause a potential difference (electronegativity) between the metals, leading to corrosion.

5. Basic Pipe Layout Conditions

The basic conditions for pipeline layout are:

• Sections must be completely vertical and horizontal. Horizontal sections must be parallel to the ceiling.
• Pipes should be above hydrants.
• Install pipes away from electrical installations (minimum 30 cm parallel) and gas facilities (minimum 3 cm).

6. Hot Water Installation Calculation Steps

• Pipe Sizing
• Motor-pump group selection
• Battery capacity determination
• Heating power calculation

7. Motor-Pump Equipment Selection Parameters

• Flow rate to be provided
• Head needed to be transmitted (primarily to overcome pressure drops)

8. Hot Water Distribution Methods

Two main procedures exist:

• Simple distribution (without circulation): A pipe from the top of the tank or heat exchanger supplies water through branches to consumer receivers. Suitable for runs less than 15 m (linear, both vertically and horizontally).
• Circulation service: Establishes a hot water circulation loop, regardless of consumption. A pipe from the tank distributes hot water to receptors, continuing with "return" sections back to the bottom of the tank. Suitable for runs exceeding 15 m.

9. Closed-Circuit ACS: Water Flow Setup

• Naturally: Thermosiphon (gravity)
• Forced circulation: Booster pump

10. Accumulator Characteristics: Verification Before Use

• Tank material construction
• Coil construction material (check for glazing if copper)
• Tank capacity
• Heat exchanger surface area
• Presence of a safety valve

11. Methods of Heating Water (Hot Water)

• Instant production:
  • Atmospheric gas burners
  • Electrical
• Accumulation:
  • Electrical resistance heating
  • Gas-fired
  • Solar panels
  • Heat pump, air-water system
  • Coal
• Mixed farming systems and Hot Water Heating.

Preferred Installation Order:

• Snapshots of gas burners
• Electric accumulators
• Gas accumulator
• Solar panels
• Heat Pumps
• Instant electric