A History of the Modern World: From the Reign of Terror to World War I

What Was the Reign of Terror?

It was a bloody period of the French Revolution during which the government executed thousands of its opponents and others at the guillotine.

Who Was Napoleon Bonaparte?

Use your own words.

What Was the Industrial Revolution?

It was the period of rapid growth in machine-made goods.

What Were Great Britain's Resources During the Industrial Revolution?

These resources included labor, raw materials, and money to invest.

What Was Capitalism?

In this system, individuals own most businesses and resources. People invest money in businesses in the hope of making a profit.

Types of War

War of Total Mobilization

This type of war uses all human, economic, and military resources to fight and seek complete victory over the enemy.

War of Limited Mobilization

This type of war involves:

• Limiting the type of targets that can be attacked.
• Limiting the weapons that can be used.
• Limiting the degree of mobilization.

Civil Wars

These are conflicts between two factions or regions of the same country, with warring sides clashing over ethnic, religious, political, territorial, or ideological issues.

Guerrilla Warfare

This is a form of irregular warfare in which a small group of combatants, such as paramilitary personnel, armed civilians, or irregulars, use military tactics including ambushes, sabotage, raids, petty warfare, hit-and-run tactics, and mobility to fight a larger and less-mobile traditional military. Guerrilla groups are a type of violent non-state actor.

Principal Causes of World War I

• Militarism: The policy of building up a strong military to prepare for war.
• Alliances: Agreements between nations to provide aid and protect one another.
• Nationalism: Extreme pride in one's country.
• Imperialism: When one country takes over another country economically and politically.
• Assassination: Of Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand.

Which Countries Participated in Alliances at the Beginning of World War I?

Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy.

Triple Entente: Russia, Britain, and France.

What Is the Meaning of "Need" According to Economics?

In economics, needs are considered infinite and insatiable and include everything that is needed to live in optimal conditions.