Historical and Economic Concepts

Ideologies

Socialism

• Private property accepted
• Parliamentary system with powerful state
• Economy led by state
• Proletarians control political power (peacefully)

Communism

• No ownership
• Transition based on revolution
• Economy and means of production controlled by the state
• Classless society
• Proletarians control political power (using violence)

Anarchism

• No property
• Disappearance of state and political parties
• Self-management of free associations without obligations
• Rejection of all types of authority

Liberalism/Capitalism

• Individualism based on guaranteed private property
• Economic freedom regulated by market demand
• Class-based society
• Bourgeoisie controls economy and political power

French Revolution

Key Events

• National Assembly in the Jeu de Paume
• Bastille Day, the beginning of the revolution
• Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
• Women's march on Versailles, demanding bread
• France divided into departments
• National Convention begins, known as the "Terror"
• King Louis XVI tries to flee from Paris, caught in Varennes
• Louis XVI forced to sign the constitution
• French Republic established
• Louis XVI guillotined, accused of treason
• Wars of the Convention shake Europe
• Marseillaise becomes the national anthem
• Napoleon invades Italy and Egypt during dictatorship

Definitions

Enclosure

Separating lands into small fields.

Communal Lands

Territory in possession of a community.

Workforce

Group of people who work in a company or factory.

Factory System

Method of manufacturing using machinery and division of labor.

Requirement

Something that must be done or needed.

Diversification

Corporate strategy to enter a new market or industry.

Landlord

Person or organization that owns a building or land and is paid by others to use it.

Industrial Revolution

Period when work was increasingly done by machines.

Agricultural Revolution

Period with technological advances and increased crop productivity.

Trade Unions

Labor institutions that unite workers to address injustices at work or in communities, aiming for higher pay, more jobs, better working conditions, and greater equality.