Geological Processes: Weathering and Erosion

Proc. Geologic: Transformation

Proc. Geologic: Transformation of objects, including solar and gravel differences.

Weathering: Rock Decomposition

Weathering: The decomposition of rocks and ores, such as granite gravel, due to factors like decompression.

Mechanical Weathering

Mechanical Weathering: Processes like decompression, geifracción (rock fracturing due to ice in Remera Mon Lacco), and temperature changes (dilation and contraction) and plant roots.

Chemical Weathering

Chemical Weathering: Includes hydrolysis, decarbonation, hydration, and oxidation.

Slope Phenomena

Slope Phenomena: Gravity's impact on materials along slopes, influenced by water as a lubricant.

• Falls: Detachment with partial displacement from the upper interface (cliff slopes and compact rocks).
• Slip: Movement of blocks or masses along a slip surface (curl: concave and rotary movement; translational: flat surface).
• Mass Movement: Fluidal movements with plastic behavior, high humidity (creep: gravitational soil movement due to rain; solifluction: water-saturated soil from snowmelt; mudflows: large amounts of water with clay materials).

Erosion Channels

Groove: Shallow channel (few cm depth).

Brook: Deeper channel.

Ravine: Deep channel or gully.

Erosion and Basin Dynamics

Erosivity: Erosive capacity of agents like water.

Erodibility: Ease of land erosion, influenced by vegetation, materials, and slope.

Basin Components

Basin:

• Reception: Erosion and water collection on slopes.
• Drainage: Stream bed transport.
• Deposition: Sedimentation of transported materials.

River Profiles and Features

Long Profile: Graphical representation of elevation against distance.

Equilibrium Profile: Theoretical long profile.

Erosion/Sedimentation: Upper (erosion), middle (transport), lower (sedimentation).

Meander: River channel with curves where sediment tends to deposit.

Estuary: Delta with dominant sedimentation.

Erosion and Glacial Valleys

Erosion: Surface rock wear and loss of solid materials due to geological agents.

• Cirque: Circular depression with vertical walls.
• U-shaped Glacial Valleys: Flat bottom with vertical walls.
• Hanging Valleys: Tributary valleys above the main valley.

Glacial and Karst Features

Moraine: Material transported and deposited by glaciers.

Karst: Landscapes and erosional forms from dissolution.

Dolina: Circular depressions from dissolution or collapse.

Tufa: Concretions from calcium precipitation on aquatic vegetation.

Travertine: Calcite precipitation (stalactites and stalagmites).

Coastal Features

Fjords and Estuaries: Formed by flooding.

Longshore Drift: Transports sand along beaches.