Genetic engineering

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GENETIC ENGINEERING: Genetic engineering is defined as the set of technologies to manipulate the genetic material of a living being, ie modifying genes. This manipulation is basically: "Introducing new genes in a genome. -Remove existing genes in a genome. -Changing the information in a particular gene. The new genetic combinations are introduced into organisms capable of transmission to subsequent generations. Also called recombinant DNA technology, because most techniques rely on DNA fragments recombine. INSTRUMENTS OF GENETIC ENGINEERING: .- Restriction enzymes can recognize a specific DNA fragment and cut. Using different restriction enzymes can get different DNA fragments. Each restriction enzyme recognizes a specific sequence of nucleotides and short at that point each of the DNA strands. The remaining free ends are called sticky ends because they can bind to other DNA fragments that have been cut from the same restriction enzyme.

2. 2. Vectors are agents .- carriers capable of introducing into host cells. The cloning vectors are small DNA molecules that have the capacity to replicate themselves inside host cells. They are often used two types of cloning vectors - plasmids - Viruses.


Plasmids. DNA molecules are circular, with a size smaller than the chromosome. They replicate independently of the bacterial chromosome since they have their own origin of replication.
Virus. The process is similar, it is to insert the desired gene in a fragment of viral DNA. Besides the origin of replication, cloning vectors should carry other genes known as markers, which are used to identify cells containing the cloning vector. They are usually used as markers, antibiotic resistance genes and genes of bioluminescence.
Genes for resistance to antibiotics. They are used to identify bacteria containing the cloning vector, because these bacteria are resistant to the antibiotic marker gene.
Luminescence genes. In this case, the cell containing the gene is to clone, will the property of emitting light as the marker that is incorporated determined to express that trait. This system is used when the host cell is a eukaryotic cell.
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viruses plasmids genetics dialers origin of replication engineering