Galician Literary Movements and Authors of the 20th Century
Classified in Latin
Written on in 
English with a size of 5.45 KB
Irmandades da Fala: Cultural and Political Associations
The Irmandades da Fala were cultural and political associations founded in A Coruña in 1916 by Antón Vilar Ponte. Their primary aim was the defense and cultural recovery of the Galician language.
Key Authors and Works
Antonio Noriega Varela: Single work, Montañeses, a reprint of The Wilderness, focusing on nature themes and the small things in life.
Júlio Dantas: His work can be categorized into four stages:
Pregaleguist: Social intention, exemplified by Vento Mareiro (written in exile).
Galeguist: Civic themes, such as A terra asoballada.
Historicist Nationalistic: Includes A noite estrelecida (three poems with medieval themes) and A rosa de cen follas (intimate, loving themes).
Second Mature: Post-war work marked by existential pessimism, including Antífona da saudade and Samos (on the life of abbots).
Avant-Garde Poetry in Galicia
This period marks the modernization of Galician literature, particularly within the Poetic Generation of '25. It saw the first attempts at European avant-garde movements in Galicia, the emergence of magazines for avant-garde and surrealist ideas, and the publication of the first Galician poetic manifesto, Más allá by Manuel Antonio.
Vanguard Movements and Authors
Full Vanguard: Authors fully embracing avant-garde principles:
- Manuel Antonio: Associated with Creationism.
- Eugenio Montes: Associated with Ultraism.
- Álvaro Cunqueiro: Associated with Surrealism.
Nuanced Vanguard: Authors who integrated avant-garde elements while maintaining some traditional aspects:
- Amado Carballo: Associated with Hylozoism.
Creationist-Inspired: Authors influenced by Creationism, often incorporating Neotrobadorismo:
- Bouza Brey
- Álvaro Cunqueiro
Specific Avant-Garde Movements
Neotrobadorismo: Based on medieval lyrical poetry.
- Bouza Brey: Works include Non é importante o principio and Seitura.
- Álvaro Cunqueiro: Works include Dona do corpo delgado and the surrealist new poems Canto de si e non.
Hylozoism: Advocated by Amado Carballo, focusing on nature without breaking traditional meters. Poems include Proel and Galo.
Creationism: Advocated by Manuel Antonio. Works include De catro a catro (themes: sea travel, sailor's loneliness, illusions), Foulas, and Viladomar.
20th Century Galician Literature
This period marked the beginning of modern Galician prose. Key literary magazines included Nós and A Nosa Terra, which were highly influential. Other notable avant-garde magazines were Ronsel and Yunque.
Featured Authors
Vicente Risco: Leader of the Nós Generation. His ideological development spanned three stages:
Pregaleguism: Works aimed at cultural elites.
Galicianism: Works focusing on Galician identity, race, and language, such as Porco de pé (a vulgar parody of society).
Posgaleguism: Characterized by conservatism, Catholicism, and a perceived abandonment of Galicia, ending with the Spanish Civil War.
Castelao: A prominent Galicianism leader. His work and thought evolved through three stages:
Pregaleguist Preoccupation: Focused on the working class.
Formation of the Irmandades: His thought is reflected in works like Cousas.
Political Engagement: Exemplified by Sempre en Galiza, aiming to educate Galician youth.
Ramón Otero Pedrayo: His work often explored themes of peasantry and nobility, divided into two main types:
Realistic Work: Includes Os camiños da vida and Pantelas, home libre (his first work, depicting the transformation of rural society).
Cultural Work: Such as Arredor de si, which explores the evolution of ideology through a character.
Rafael Dieste: Known for his extensive, innovative, and cultured work. Highlights include Dos arquivos do trasno, which explores themes of emigration and death.
Notable Essays
Vicente Risco: Teoría do nacionalismo galego
Castelao: Sempre en Galiza (addressing the marginalization of Galicia)
Rafael Dieste: Entre a terra e o ceo (a collection of press articles)