Fundamentals of Biology: Cells, Tissues, Systems & Diagnostics
Classified in Biology
Written on in 
English with a size of 3.87 KB
Cellular Foundations of Life
Cell Theory Principles
The Cell Theory was set forth in 1860. According to this theory:
- All living things are composed of cells.
- Cells are the basic units that constitute the structural and functional basis of life.
- Every cell comes from another existing cell through cell division.
Plasma Membrane Function
The plasma membrane encloses the cell, provides structural integrity, and facilitates the exchange of substances with the external environment.
Cytoplasm: Cell's Internal Environment
The cytoplasm is the space between the plasma membrane and the nucleus. It contains various structures and other organelles, such as the cytoskeleton.
The Cell Nucleus: Control Center
The nucleus is the area of the cell bounded by the nuclear envelope. It contains the nucleolus and the cell's nuclear DNA.
Nutrition and Cell Respiration Link
The relationship between nutrition and cell respiration involves the incorporation and transformation of matter and energy to carry out cellular activities. Cellular respiration, for example, utilizes oxygen and is primarily carried out in mitochondria to produce energy.
Levels of Biological Organization
Tissues: Specialized Cell Groups
A tissue is a group of cells with similar characteristics that organize to perform specific functions.
Organs: Functional Body Parts
An organ is a body part formed by various tissues that perform a specific function.
Systems: Coordinated Organ Groups
A system is a set of organs that are grouped together to perform a specific function.
Hierarchy of Biological Organization
Cells with similar characteristics are grouped to form tissues. These tissues are organized into more complex structures to form organs, which are then grouped into systems.
Key Human Body Systems
Systems for Nutrient Processing
- Circulatory system
- Digestive system
- Respiratory system
- Urinary system
Control and Support Systems
- Locomotor apparatus
- Endocrine system
- Sensory organs
- Nervous system
Reproductive System
- Male and female reproductive systems
Common Medical Diagnostic Tests
Spirometry: Respiratory Assessment
Spirometry is a test carried out regularly to assess lung function, especially if there is any alteration or disease of the respiratory system.
Endoscopy: Internal Organ Visualization
Endoscopy is a frequently utilized technique to visualize the internal operation of various organs and parts of the digestive system. It consists of introducing a probe into certain cavities or organs.
Blood Tests: Comprehensive Analysis
Blood tests consist of the study of a blood sample from which the number of different cellular elements and the amount and type of substances contained in the plasma are calculated.
Urinalysis: Excretory System Insights
Urinalysis is a test to detect, in addition to disorders affecting the excretory system, disorders of other body organs that manifest in the urine.
Understanding Health Conditions
Anxiety: Symptoms and Manifestations
Anxiety symptoms include physical and psychological sensations such as shortness of breath, tremors, accelerated heart rate, restlessness, fear, insecurity, etc.
Alzheimer's Disease: Key Characteristics
Alzheimer's Disease symptoms include memory loss, disorientation, impaired reasoning, and deterioration of acquired capabilities and skills. There is no known cure for this disease.