Fundamental Physics Laws: Momentum, Energy, and Motion

Angular Momentum Conservation

The law of conservation of angular momentum states that when no external torque acts on an object, its angular momentum remains constant.

Inverse Square Law

The inverse-square law dictates that a physical quantity's intensity is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from its source.

Energy Conservation

The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed or transferred.

Momentum Conservation

In an isolated system, the total momentum of two objects before a collision equals their total momentum after the collision.

Energy Degradation

The first law of thermodynamics asserts that the universe's total energy is constant. The second law states that this energy's quality is irreversibly degraded.

Inertia

The law of inertia states that an object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion with constant speed and direction, unless acted upon by an external force.

Reflection

When light is reflected from a smooth surface, the angle of reflection equals the angle of incidence. The incident ray, the reflected ray, and the surface normal all lie in the same plane.

Newton's First Law

Every object in uniform motion remains in that state unless an external force acts on it.

Newton's Second Law

Force equals mass times acceleration.

Newton's Third Law

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Snell's Law

Snell's Law states that the ratio of the sines of the angles of incidence and refraction is constant when a wave passes between two media.

Universal Gravitation

Universal gravitation states that every particle attracts every other particle with a force directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers.