Fundamental English: Adjectives, Verbs, Nouns, Tenses
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Essential English Vocabulary and Grammar
Adjectives for Describing People
Hair
- Short
- Curly
- Long
- Dark
- Fair
- Brown
Body
- Slim
- Short
- Fat
- Tall
Eyes
- Blue
- Brown
- Dark
Everyday Activities and Verbs
- Do exercise: hacer ejercicio
- Get up: levantarse
- Go out: salir
- Have a shower: ducharse
- Make breakfast/lunch/dinner: desayunar/comer/cenar
- Sleep: dormir
- Go to bed: acostarse
- Tidy up: ordenar
- Wash the dishes: fregar los platos
- Wash your hair: lavarse el pelo
- Cook: cocinar
- Do homework: hacer los deberes
- Do the ironing: planchar
- Make the bed: hacer la cama
- Play computer games: jugar
- Read a magazine: leer una revista
- Take the rubbish out: sacar la basura
- Watch TV: ver la tele
Common Television Programs
- Advert: anuncio
- Cartoon: dibujos
- Comedy programme
- Film
- Game show
- Reality show
- Soap opera: telenovela
- Sports programme
- The news: noticias
Common Professions and Jobs
- Bank robber: ladrón
- Builder: constructor
- Cashier: cajero
- Hairdresser: peluquero
- Judge: juez
- Mechanic: mecánico
- Police officer: policía
- Soldier: soldado
- Taxi driver
- Waiter: camarero
Essential Verbs of Movement
- Climb: escalar
- Fly: volar
- Ride: montar
- Skate: patinar
- Snowboard: hacer snowboard
- Dive: bucear
- Jump: saltar
- Run: correr
- Ski: esquiar
Rules for Noun Plurals
Regular Plural Forms
- For nouns ending in -sh, -s, -ch, -x, or -o, add -es.
- For nouns ending in -f or -fe, change the -f or -fe to -v and add -es.
- For nouns ending in a vowel + -y, add -s.
- For nouns ending in a consonant + -y, omit the -y and add -ies.
Irregular Plural Nouns
- Man - Men
- Tooth - Teeth
- Ox - Oxen
- Foot - Feet
- Woman - Women
- That - Those
- Goose - Geese
- This - These
- Child - Children
Simple Present Tense Rules
General Rule
- The verb form is the same for all persons except for the third person singular.
Exceptions for Third Person Singular
- Add -s to the verb.
- For verbs ending in -s, -sh, -ch, or -x, add -es.
- Also add -es to GO and DO.
- If the verb ends in a consonant + -y, omit the -y and add -ies.
- If the verb ends in a vowel + -y, add -s.
Common English Question Words
- How: cómo
- How old: cuántos años
- What: qué
- Where: dónde
- Who: quién
- Whose: de quién
- Why: por qué
- When: cuándo
- How many: cuántos
- How much: cuánto
- How often: con qué frecuencia
- Who... with?: ¿con quién?