Fundamental Concepts: Philosophy, Science, and Society

Atheism

Atheism is a theory or attitude that denies the existence of God.

Science

Science is a set of knowledge and activities designed to acquire it, formally characterized by intersubjectivity, and practically by the ability to make accurate forecasts about a part of reality.

Tarraconense Council

The Tarraconense Council document reflects on the requests made by the poorest and marginalized. It calls upon Christians to renew their commitment to specific fields of social action.

Dignity (Ecclesiastical)

In cathedral chapters and collegiate churches, dignity refers to each higher ecclesiastical office or 'perk,' such as that of the Dean, Archpriest, or Archdeacon.

Discrimination

Discrimination refers to the act of treating certain members of a collective with inferiority due to social, religious, linguistic, political, or other factors.

Dialogue

Dialogue is a form of discourse characterized by the exchange of ideas, distinct from mere exposition or casual chat, and generally involves two or more subjects.

Social Doctrine of the Church

The Social Doctrine of the Church is a set of rules and principles relating to the social, political, and economic aspects of humanity, based on the Gospel and the Magisterium of the Catholic Church.

Human Rights

Human Rights are those liberties, faculties, institutions, or basic claims that correspond to every person simply because of their human condition, intended to guarantee a worthy life.

Empiricism

Empiricism is a set of philosophical doctrines that deny the possibility of any kind of knowledge that comes from experience, consisting of data from sensory perception.

Galileo Galilei

Galileo Galilei studied medicine at Pisa, but he abandoned medical studies and accepted a professorship of mathematics at the university. His ideas, contrary to Aristotle's physics (including the principle of inertia), and his experiments on mechanics (such as the speed of decline of solids and pendular movement), caused many reproaches from his countrymen, which led him to leave Tuscany.

Gabriel Marcel

Gabriel Marcel was a French philosopher and playwright. He argued that individuals can only be understood in specific situations in which they are involved and committed.

Geocentrism

Geocentrism is a theory that posited the Earth as the center of the universe.

Humanism

Humanism designates the historical phenomenon of the renewal of classical studies, rooted in Italian literature of the 14th century, which spread throughout Europe. It coincided with a new appreciation of humanity and its role in the world, characteristic of the Renaissance.

Christian Humanism

Christian Humanism is a political philosophy that advocates for the full realization of humanity within a framework of Christian principles.