Fundamental Concepts of Electricity and Electrical Circuits

1 Definition

Electricity: It's the science that studies the movement of the electrons.

 The electrons have energy. Electricity is a form of energy that moves quickly. It's a very useful way to transport energy far from its origin. (From power station to the city).

                Electronic: It's a branch of technology that studies the uses of electricity to transmit information.

Electrical circuit: It’s the path where the electrons move to change the kind of energy.

Current: is the movement of electrons along a conductor. The electrons jump from one atom to another. When there are more atoms moving the current is more intense.

Electric tension difference

Electric tension is the difference in electrical potential between two points in a circuit.

The unit of tension is the volt V

If one point is at-6 C and another is at +6 V, the difference in potential is 12 V

If one point is at 0 V and another is at 60 V, the difference in potential is 60 V

If one point is at -30 V and the other is at -10 V, the tension is 20 V

The difference in potential between the negative and the positive terminals of a battery is the force with which the battery pushes the electrons along the whole circuit, so that they flow from the negative pole to the positive pole.

The higher the voltage, the greater the force pushing the current to flow between the two points.

Electrical resistance (R)

Electrical resistance is the force that opposes the flow of electrons.

The unit of resistance is the ohm (Ω)

Electrical power (P)

Electrical power is the product of current and voltage.

The unit of power is the watt (W)

P (W) = I (A)  x V (V)

Electrical capacitance (C)

Electrical capacitance is the amount of electrical charge that a capacitor can store.

Electrical charge is the total amount of electrons.

Capacitors are devices which are designed to store electrical charge.

The unit of capacitance is the farad (F).