French Grammar and Science Concepts: A Comprehensive Guide

French Grammar

Passé Composé

• Subject + avoir/être (in present) + past participle
• Verbs with être: naître, mourir, aller, venir, arriver, partir, monter, descendre, passer, retourner, entrer, sortir, rester, tomber

Verbs Pouvoir and Vouloir

• Pouvoir: peux, peux, peut, pouvons, pouvez, peuvent
• Vouloir: veux, veux, veut, voulons, voulez, veulent

Questions

• Aimez-vous votre métier?
• Est-ce que vous aimez votre métier?
• Que préférez-vous aujourd'hui?
• Qu'est-ce que vous préférez aujourd'hui?
• Comment êtes-vous devenu réalisateur?
• Comment est-ce que vous êtes devenu réalisateur?
• Quels métiers avez-vous faits?
• Quels métiers est-ce que vous avez faits?

Exercer un Métier

• Avoir de l'imagination
• Être créatif(ve)
• Organisé(e)
• Sociable
• Résistant(e)
• Rapide
• Patient(e)
• Cultivé(e)
• Curieux(se)
• Travailler en équipe
• Avoir des compétences techniques et artistiques
• Savoir écouter les gens

COD and COI

Substitute for a noun and go before the verb.

Impératif

Without subject, 3 persons (tu, nous, vous)

• Verbs in -er: parler parles--> parle parlons parlez
• Irregular verbs:
  • Aller---> va, allons, allez
  • Avoir-->aie ayons ayez
  • Être--> sois ayons ayez
  • Savoir--> sache sachons sachez
  • Vouloir--> veuille veuillons veuillez

Si + Présent

Condition

Si + présent (si vous envie de collecter de l'argent pur le télthon...)

Result

Present of the imperative (...vous devez organiser une course dans votre collège)

Vocabulary

• Au début (at the beginning)
• Puis (after)
• Après (after)
• Tout de suite (immediately)
• Plus tard (later)
• Finalment (finally)
• Infirmier(-ère) (nurse)
• Médecin (doctor)
• Boulanger(-ère) (baker)
• Boucher(-ère) (butcher)
• Vendeur (salesperson)
• Informaticien(-ienne) (computer scientist)
• Chanteur(-euse) (singer)
• Acteur(-rice) (actor)
• Nageur(-euse) (swimmer)
• Écrivain(-e) (writer)
• Artiste (artist)
• Footballeur(-euse) (soccer player)
• Joueur de tennis (-euse) (tennis player)
• Animateur (-rice) (host)
• Réalisateur(-rice) (director)
• Styliste (stylist)
• Photographe (photographer)
• Libraire (bookseller)
• Pompier(-ère) (firefighter)
• Journaliste (journalist)
• Peintre (painter)

Science Concepts

Kinetic Theory

• Three states of matter (solid, liquid, and gas)
• Matter made up of very small particles in constant motion

Solids

• Have a high density
• Cannot be compressed
• Do not flow
• Have a fixed shape
• Have a fixed size

Liquids

• Particles are close together but not as close as they are in solids
• Can move around in any direction and are not fixed in position
• Forces of attraction between them are still quite strong but not as strong as solids
• Have a medium density
• Cannot be compressed
• Can flow
• Have the shape of the container
• Have a fixed size

Gases

. particles very apart with large distances between them. they move around very quickly in all directions and the forces of atraccion between them are very very weak. have a very low density, can be compressed, can flow, have the shape and size of the container/ solid-liquid: melting  liquid-gas: evaporating  liquid-solid: freezing  gas-liquid: condensing.FACTORS THAT AFECT THE RATE OF REACTION.temperature: when increase, particles gain more energy collide more frecuently.surface area. increase the rate of reaction.concentration/pressure. more particles per unit of volume(increase the rate of reaction)catalyst. substances that speed in a reaction without being kssh up in the reaction themselves(dont include in the reaction equation)COLLISION THEORY. for particles to react, they have to collide with each other with sufficient energy. less energy(L) nothing will happen. amount of energy the particles have: L more energy they can transfer during the collision. energy of collisions: how often the particles collide not all collision are successful. NUCLEAR ENERGY. is a controversial subjet. the pro and anti nuclear lobbies fight furiosly, and it´s difficult to decide who is right.FISSION.in same elements the nucleus is large and unestable(uranium and platanium). in nuclear fission the nucleus of these elements splits. energy is also released during the fission reaction. all of the fision products have kinetic energy. the neutron can now be absorbed by more uranium nucelei and tigger fission again. this is called a chain reaction. a controlled chain reaction is used to release energy in a nuclear reactor. the explosion in a nuclear weapon is caused by an uncontrolled fission chain reaction.FUSSION(not a chain reaction) in a nuclear fusion, two high nuclei are joined to form a heamer nucleus. some of the mass of the nuclei can be converted into energy wich is released as radiation.ACID RAIN.H2SO4 sulfuric acid HNO3 nitric acid CO2 carbon dioxide H2CO3carbon acid ph6->plus: acid increases by: 2,3,10,1000 times. produced when fossil fuels containing sulfur are burn?OSO(S02 sulfur dioxide)OCO(CO2 carbon dioxide)