Financial Vocabulary and English Verb Tenses

Financial Vocabulary

Nouns

• Budget: Presupuesto
• Note: Billete
• Queue: Fila/cola
• Cash: Dinero en efectivo
• Odd jobs: Trabajillos
• Salary: Salario
• Discount: Descuento
• Pocket money: Paga
• Saving account: Cuenta de ahorro
• Expenses: Gastos
• Profit: Beneficio
• Stuff: Material/cosa
• Fee: Cuota/tasa

Verbs

• Afford: Permitirse
• Lend: Prestar
• Rent: Alquilar
• Borrow: Tomar prestado
• Owe: Deber
• Request: Solicitar
• Charge: Cobrar
• Purchase: Adquirir
• Suit: Sentar bien a

Expressions

• A shopping spree: Compra compulsiva
• Make the best of something: Hacer lo mejor de algo
• Be worth (it): Valer la pena
• On the house: En la casa (meaning complimentary)
• Cost an arm and a leg: Cuesta muy caro
• Pay someone back: Pagar algo a cambio
• Foot the bill: Pagar la cuenta
• Shop around: Comprando por ahí (comparing prices)
• Go broke: Ir a la quiebra
• (Be) short of money: Ir corto de dinero
• Go out of business: Salir del negocio
• Show (someone) around: Mostrar (a alguien) alrededor de
• Hard-earned money: Dinero duramente ganado
• Splash out: Gastar mucho (Note: 'Splash out' is better translated contextually than literally 'salpicar')
• Live beyond one’s means: Vivir más allá de los medios
• Split the cost: Dividir el costo
• Make ends meet: Llegar a fin de mes (Corrected idiom: 'Make end meet' -> 'Make ends meet')

Tense Comparison: Active vs. Passive Voice

Present Simple

Active: The waiter serves the customers.

Passive: The customers are served by the waiter.

Present Continuous

Active: The waiter is serving the customers.

Passive: The customers are being served by the waiter.

Past Simple

Active: The waiter served the customers.

Passive: The customers were served by the waiter.

Past Continuous

Active: The waiter was serving the customers.

Passive: The customers were being served by the waiter.

Present Perfect Simple

Active: The waiter has served the customers.

Passive: The customers have been served by the waiter.

Past Perfect Simple

Active: The waiter had served the customers.

Passive: The customers had been served by the waiter.

Future Simple

Active: The waiter will serve the customers.

Passive: The customers will be served by the waiter.

Future Perfect Simple

Active: The waiter will have served the customers.

Passive: The customers will have been served by the waiter.

Modals (e.g., Must)

Active: The waiter must serve the customers.

Passive: The customers must be served by the waiter.

Modals Perfect (e.g., Must have)

Active: The waiter must have served the customers.

Passive: The customers must have been served by the waiter.

Have to

Active: The waiter has to serve the customers.

Passive: The customers have to be served by the waiter.

Be going to

Active: The waiter is going to serve the customers.

Passive: The customers are going to be served by the waiter.